Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine
In areas where Plasmodium falciparum transmission is endemic, clinical immunity against malaria is progressively acquired during childhood and adults are usually protected against the severe clinical consequences of the disease. Nevertheless, pregnant women, notably during their first pregnancies, a...
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doaj-e301b23520534b379470ccf17849c5c82021-02-25T09:20:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-02-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.634508634508Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria VaccineBenoît Gamain0Benoît Gamain1Arnaud Chêne2Arnaud Chêne3Nicola K. Viebig4Nicaise Tuikue Ndam5Morten A. Nielsen6Morten A. Nielsen7Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, FranceUniversité de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, FranceInstitut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, FranceEuropean Vaccine Initiative, UniversitätsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyUniversité de Paris, MERIT, IRD, Paris, FranceCentre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DenmarkIn areas where Plasmodium falciparum transmission is endemic, clinical immunity against malaria is progressively acquired during childhood and adults are usually protected against the severe clinical consequences of the disease. Nevertheless, pregnant women, notably during their first pregnancies, are susceptible to placental malaria and the associated serious clinical outcomes. Placental malaria is characterized by the massive accumulation of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes and monocytes in the placental intervillous spaces leading to maternal anaemia, hypertension, stillbirth and low birth weight due to premature delivery, and foetal growth retardation. Remarkably, the prevalence of placental malaria sharply decreases with successive pregnancies. This protection is associated with the development of antibodies directed towards the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes from placental origin. Placental sequestration is mediated by the interaction between VAR2CSA, a member of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 family expressed on the infected erythrocytes surface, and the placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A. VAR2CSA stands today as the leading candidate for a placental malaria vaccine. We recently reported the safety and immunogenicity of two VAR2CSA-derived placental malaria vaccines (PRIMVAC and PAMVAC), spanning the chondroitin sulfate A-binding region of VAR2CSA, in both malaria-naïve and P. falciparum-exposed non-pregnant women in two distinct Phase I clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02658253 and NCT02647489). This review discusses recent advances in placental malaria vaccine development, with a focus on the recent clinical data, and discusses the next clinical steps to undertake in order to better comprehend vaccine-induced immunity and accelerate vaccine development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634508/fullPlasmodium falciparumplacental malariaVAR2CSAPfEMP1vaccinepregnancy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Benoît Gamain Benoît Gamain Arnaud Chêne Arnaud Chêne Nicola K. Viebig Nicaise Tuikue Ndam Morten A. Nielsen Morten A. Nielsen |
spellingShingle |
Benoît Gamain Benoît Gamain Arnaud Chêne Arnaud Chêne Nicola K. Viebig Nicaise Tuikue Ndam Morten A. Nielsen Morten A. Nielsen Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine Frontiers in Immunology Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria VAR2CSA PfEMP1 vaccine pregnancy |
author_facet |
Benoît Gamain Benoît Gamain Arnaud Chêne Arnaud Chêne Nicola K. Viebig Nicaise Tuikue Ndam Morten A. Nielsen Morten A. Nielsen |
author_sort |
Benoît Gamain |
title |
Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine |
title_short |
Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine |
title_full |
Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine |
title_fullStr |
Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine |
title_full_unstemmed |
Progress and Insights Toward an Effective Placental Malaria Vaccine |
title_sort |
progress and insights toward an effective placental malaria vaccine |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
In areas where Plasmodium falciparum transmission is endemic, clinical immunity against malaria is progressively acquired during childhood and adults are usually protected against the severe clinical consequences of the disease. Nevertheless, pregnant women, notably during their first pregnancies, are susceptible to placental malaria and the associated serious clinical outcomes. Placental malaria is characterized by the massive accumulation of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes and monocytes in the placental intervillous spaces leading to maternal anaemia, hypertension, stillbirth and low birth weight due to premature delivery, and foetal growth retardation. Remarkably, the prevalence of placental malaria sharply decreases with successive pregnancies. This protection is associated with the development of antibodies directed towards the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes from placental origin. Placental sequestration is mediated by the interaction between VAR2CSA, a member of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 family expressed on the infected erythrocytes surface, and the placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A. VAR2CSA stands today as the leading candidate for a placental malaria vaccine. We recently reported the safety and immunogenicity of two VAR2CSA-derived placental malaria vaccines (PRIMVAC and PAMVAC), spanning the chondroitin sulfate A-binding region of VAR2CSA, in both malaria-naïve and P. falciparum-exposed non-pregnant women in two distinct Phase I clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02658253 and NCT02647489). This review discusses recent advances in placental malaria vaccine development, with a focus on the recent clinical data, and discusses the next clinical steps to undertake in order to better comprehend vaccine-induced immunity and accelerate vaccine development. |
topic |
Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria VAR2CSA PfEMP1 vaccine pregnancy |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634508/full |
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