Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe
Background: Clostridioides difficile is the major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in industrialized nations. Data on the occurrence of C. difficile in Africa, ribotype (RT) distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and potential zoonotic transmission are scarce. Methods: 80 Zimbab...
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doaj-e3d2ec6c9b35451f8731039993d303f92020-11-25T02:32:37ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122020-07-01968287Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from ZimbabweFabian K. Berger0Alexander Mellmann1Markus Bischoff2Lutz von Müller3Sören L. Becker4Clifford Simango5Barbara Gärtner6Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, Germany; Corresponding author at: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Building 43, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany.German National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, Germany; Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, GermanyGerman National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, Germany; Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene, Christophorus Kliniken, Coesfeld, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, GermanyDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Microbiology, B’Floor, Parirenyatwa Building, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Box A178, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; German National Reference Center for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, GermanyBackground: Clostridioides difficile is the major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in industrialized nations. Data on the occurrence of C. difficile in Africa, ribotype (RT) distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and potential zoonotic transmission are scarce. Methods: 80 Zimbabwean C. difficile isolates from different sources (chicken [n = 30], soil [n = 21] and humans [n = 29]) were investigated using ribotyping, toxin gene detection, resistance testing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results: Among chicken isolates, the most common RTs were RT103 (6/30), RT025 (5/30) and RT070 (4/30). Within soil samples, RT025 and RT056 were most common (3/21 each). In contrast, the non-toxigenic RT084 was most frequently found in human isolates (4/29). Toxin genes were detected in only 19/29 human isolates. Susceptibility testing showed no resistance against metronidazole and vancomycin, and resistance against macrolides and rifampicin was scarce (3/80 and 2/80, respectively); however, 26/80 isolates showed moxifloxacin resistance. MLVA and WGS of strains with identical RTs stemming from different sources revealed clustering of RT025 and RT084 isolates from human und non-human samples. Conclusion: No “hypervirulent” strains were found. The detected clusters between human, chicken and soil isolates indicate ongoing transmission between humans and environmental sources and might point towards a zoonotic potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302423EpidemiologySurveillanceZoonosiscgMLSTSouthern Africa |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fabian K. Berger Alexander Mellmann Markus Bischoff Lutz von Müller Sören L. Becker Clifford Simango Barbara Gärtner |
spellingShingle |
Fabian K. Berger Alexander Mellmann Markus Bischoff Lutz von Müller Sören L. Becker Clifford Simango Barbara Gärtner Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe International Journal of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Surveillance Zoonosis cgMLST Southern Africa |
author_facet |
Fabian K. Berger Alexander Mellmann Markus Bischoff Lutz von Müller Sören L. Becker Clifford Simango Barbara Gärtner |
author_sort |
Fabian K. Berger |
title |
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe |
title_short |
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe |
title_full |
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe |
title_fullStr |
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe |
title_sort |
molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from zimbabwe |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
issn |
1201-9712 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Background: Clostridioides difficile is the major cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in industrialized nations. Data on the occurrence of C. difficile in Africa, ribotype (RT) distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and potential zoonotic transmission are scarce. Methods: 80 Zimbabwean C. difficile isolates from different sources (chicken [n = 30], soil [n = 21] and humans [n = 29]) were investigated using ribotyping, toxin gene detection, resistance testing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results: Among chicken isolates, the most common RTs were RT103 (6/30), RT025 (5/30) and RT070 (4/30). Within soil samples, RT025 and RT056 were most common (3/21 each). In contrast, the non-toxigenic RT084 was most frequently found in human isolates (4/29). Toxin genes were detected in only 19/29 human isolates. Susceptibility testing showed no resistance against metronidazole and vancomycin, and resistance against macrolides and rifampicin was scarce (3/80 and 2/80, respectively); however, 26/80 isolates showed moxifloxacin resistance. MLVA and WGS of strains with identical RTs stemming from different sources revealed clustering of RT025 and RT084 isolates from human und non-human samples. Conclusion: No “hypervirulent” strains were found. The detected clusters between human, chicken and soil isolates indicate ongoing transmission between humans and environmental sources and might point towards a zoonotic potential. |
topic |
Epidemiology Surveillance Zoonosis cgMLST Southern Africa |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302423 |
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