A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Its natural populations are phenotypically and genetically very diverse. A survey of B. cinerea isolates causing gray mold in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, was carried out and as a result eight non-pathogen...
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doaj-e4af38ece9804780ac806e410e3036fb2021-04-14T05:16:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-04-011210.3389/fpls.2021.663870663870A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic IsolatesWilson Acosta Morel0Francisco Anta Fernández1Riccardo Baroncelli2Sioly Becerra3Michael R. Thon4Jan A. L. van Kan5José María Díaz-Mínguez6Ernesto Pérez Benito7Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainLaboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NetherlandsSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainSpanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainBotrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Its natural populations are phenotypically and genetically very diverse. A survey of B. cinerea isolates causing gray mold in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, was carried out and as a result eight non-pathogenic natural variants were identified. Phenotypically these isolates belong to two groups. The first group consists of seven isolates displaying a characteristic mycelial morphotype, which do not sporulate and is unable to produce sclerotia. The second group includes one isolate, which sporulates profusely and does not produce sclerotia. All of them are unresponsive to light. Crosses between a representative mycelial non-pathogenic isolate and a highly aggressive field isolate revealed that the phenotypic differences regarding pathogenicity, sporulation and production of sclerotia cosegregated in the progeny and are determined by a single genetic locus. By applying a bulked segregant analysis strategy based on the comparison of the two parental genomes the locus was mapped to a 110 kb region in chromosome 4. Subcloning and transformation experiments revealed that the polymorphism is an SNP affecting gene Bcin04g03490 in the reference genome of B. cinerea. Genetic complementation analysis and sequencing of the Bcin04g03490 alleles demonstrated that the mutations in the mycelial isolates are allelic and informed about the nature of the alterations causing the phenotypes observed. Integration of the allele of the pathogenic isolate into the non-pathogenic isolate fully restored the ability to infect, to sporulate and to produce sclerotia. Therefore, it is concluded that a major effect gene controlling differentiation and developmental processes as well as pathogenicity has been identified in B. cinerea. It encodes a protein with a GAL4-like Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding domain and an acetyltransferase domain, suggesting a role in regulation of gene expression through a mechanism involving acetylation of specific substrates.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.663870/fullgray moldbulked segregant analysisgenetic complementationDNA binding domainacetyl transferase |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wilson Acosta Morel Francisco Anta Fernández Riccardo Baroncelli Sioly Becerra Michael R. Thon Jan A. L. van Kan José María Díaz-Mínguez Ernesto Pérez Benito |
spellingShingle |
Wilson Acosta Morel Francisco Anta Fernández Riccardo Baroncelli Sioly Becerra Michael R. Thon Jan A. L. van Kan José María Díaz-Mínguez Ernesto Pérez Benito A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates Frontiers in Plant Science gray mold bulked segregant analysis genetic complementation DNA binding domain acetyl transferase |
author_facet |
Wilson Acosta Morel Francisco Anta Fernández Riccardo Baroncelli Sioly Becerra Michael R. Thon Jan A. L. van Kan José María Díaz-Mínguez Ernesto Pérez Benito |
author_sort |
Wilson Acosta Morel |
title |
A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates |
title_short |
A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates |
title_full |
A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates |
title_fullStr |
A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Major Effect Gene Controlling Development and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea Identified Through Genetic Analysis of Natural Mycelial Non-pathogenic Isolates |
title_sort |
major effect gene controlling development and pathogenicity in botrytis cinerea identified through genetic analysis of natural mycelial non-pathogenic isolates |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Its natural populations are phenotypically and genetically very diverse. A survey of B. cinerea isolates causing gray mold in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, was carried out and as a result eight non-pathogenic natural variants were identified. Phenotypically these isolates belong to two groups. The first group consists of seven isolates displaying a characteristic mycelial morphotype, which do not sporulate and is unable to produce sclerotia. The second group includes one isolate, which sporulates profusely and does not produce sclerotia. All of them are unresponsive to light. Crosses between a representative mycelial non-pathogenic isolate and a highly aggressive field isolate revealed that the phenotypic differences regarding pathogenicity, sporulation and production of sclerotia cosegregated in the progeny and are determined by a single genetic locus. By applying a bulked segregant analysis strategy based on the comparison of the two parental genomes the locus was mapped to a 110 kb region in chromosome 4. Subcloning and transformation experiments revealed that the polymorphism is an SNP affecting gene Bcin04g03490 in the reference genome of B. cinerea. Genetic complementation analysis and sequencing of the Bcin04g03490 alleles demonstrated that the mutations in the mycelial isolates are allelic and informed about the nature of the alterations causing the phenotypes observed. Integration of the allele of the pathogenic isolate into the non-pathogenic isolate fully restored the ability to infect, to sporulate and to produce sclerotia. Therefore, it is concluded that a major effect gene controlling differentiation and developmental processes as well as pathogenicity has been identified in B. cinerea. It encodes a protein with a GAL4-like Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding domain and an acetyltransferase domain, suggesting a role in regulation of gene expression through a mechanism involving acetylation of specific substrates. |
topic |
gray mold bulked segregant analysis genetic complementation DNA binding domain acetyl transferase |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.663870/full |
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