| Summary: | Malignancy is one of the leading causes of death in recipients with a kidney grafts. The use of proliferative signal inhibitors (PSI) is one of the approaches to solve this problem.Aim: to evaluate the effi cacy and safety of everolimus in combination with reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in patients with posttransplant malignancy.Materials and methods. 62 kidney graft recipients (KGR) with neoplasia were converted from mycophenolate mofetil to everolimus in combination with reduced dose of CNI at 83.5 ± 69.3 months after transplantation. The duration follow-up was 35.5 ± 26.9 month. The effectiveness of management was assessed by patient survival, type of immunosuppression therapy, renal function and proteinuria. The patient survival in PSI group was compared with the survival in the patients in control group (n = 145), who did not receive everolimus.Results. 10-year and 15-year patient survival was 92% and 85,7% in patients treated with PSi versus 61.1% and 52.8% in control group (p < 0.0003). Patients survival with everolimus-therapy after 1 year was 86.5%, after 3 year it was 64.2%, and by the end of 5 years the possibility of treatment with everolimus decreased to 50.8%, mainly due to the proteinuria and other adverse events. The recurrence rate of tumors among patients, who was treated with everolimus for 35 (26; 60) months was 13.2%. Creatinine level in serum increased from 0.13 ± 0.04 to 0.15 ± 0.09 mmol during the treatment (p < 0.031), and the daily proteinuria increased from 0.18 ± 0.25 g/day to 0.75 ± 1.63 g/day, p < 0.011.Conclusion. The usage of PSi improves long-term survival of KTR with posttransplant malignancy and demonstrates a relatively low tumors recurrence rate (13.2%) over a period of 35 months. However this treatment is not suitable for many patients and it was stopped in almost half of them due to increasing proteinuria or serious adverse events.
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