Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus
Melilotus albus and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in forage production and herbal medicine due to the biological activity of their coumarins, which have many biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects. To comprehensively evaluate M. albus and M. offi...
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doaj-e560a19b8ffd4caabbaf60e6c0530ece2020-11-24T23:42:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-04-0123481010.3390/molecules23040810molecules23040810Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of MelilotusJiyu Zhang0Hongyan Di1Kai Luo2Zulfi Jahufer3Fan Wu4Zhen Duan5Alan Stewart6Zhuanzhuan Yan7Yanrong Wang8State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaAgricultural Technology Extension and Training Center, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry of Zhongwei, Zhongwei 755000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaAgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North 11008, New ZealandState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaPGG Wrightson Seeds, P.O. Box 175, Lincoln, Christchurch 7640, New ZealandState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaMelilotus albus and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in forage production and herbal medicine due to the biological activity of their coumarins, which have many biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects. To comprehensively evaluate M. albus and M. officinalis coumarin content (Cou), morphological variation, and molecular phylogeny, we examined the Cou, five morphological traits and the molecular characterization based on the trnL-F spacer and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 93 accessions. Significant (p < 0.05) variation was observed in the Cou and all five morphological traits in both species. Analysis of population differentiation (Pst) of the phenotypic traits showed that powdery mildew resistance (PMR) had the greatest Pst, meaning that this trait demonstrated the largest genetic differentiation among the accessions. The Pst values of dry matter yield (DMY) and Cou were relatively high. Biplot analysis identified accessions with higher DMY and higher and lower Cou. Analysis of molecular sequence variation identified seven haplotypes of the trnL-F spacer and 13 haplotypes of the ITS region. Based on haplotype and sequence analyses, the genetic variation of M. officinalis was higher than that of M. albus. Additionally, ITS sequence analysis showed that the variation among accessions was larger than that among species across three geographical areas: Asia, Europe, and North America. Similarly, variation among accessions for both the trnL-F and ITS sequences were larger than the differences between the geographical areas. Our results indicate that there has been considerable gene flow between the two Melilotus species. Our characterization of Cou and the morphological and genetic variations of these two Melilotus species may provide useful insights into germplasm improvement to enhance DMY and Cou.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/810chloroplast sequencecoumarinMelilotusmorphological traitmolecular phylogeneticsnuclear ITS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jiyu Zhang Hongyan Di Kai Luo Zulfi Jahufer Fan Wu Zhen Duan Alan Stewart Zhuanzhuan Yan Yanrong Wang |
spellingShingle |
Jiyu Zhang Hongyan Di Kai Luo Zulfi Jahufer Fan Wu Zhen Duan Alan Stewart Zhuanzhuan Yan Yanrong Wang Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus Molecules chloroplast sequence coumarin Melilotus morphological trait molecular phylogenetics nuclear ITS |
author_facet |
Jiyu Zhang Hongyan Di Kai Luo Zulfi Jahufer Fan Wu Zhen Duan Alan Stewart Zhuanzhuan Yan Yanrong Wang |
author_sort |
Jiyu Zhang |
title |
Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus |
title_short |
Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus |
title_full |
Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus |
title_fullStr |
Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coumarin Content, Morphological Variation, and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melilotus |
title_sort |
coumarin content, morphological variation, and molecular phylogenetics of melilotus |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2018-04-01 |
description |
Melilotus albus and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in forage production and herbal medicine due to the biological activity of their coumarins, which have many biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects. To comprehensively evaluate M. albus and M. officinalis coumarin content (Cou), morphological variation, and molecular phylogeny, we examined the Cou, five morphological traits and the molecular characterization based on the trnL-F spacer and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 93 accessions. Significant (p < 0.05) variation was observed in the Cou and all five morphological traits in both species. Analysis of population differentiation (Pst) of the phenotypic traits showed that powdery mildew resistance (PMR) had the greatest Pst, meaning that this trait demonstrated the largest genetic differentiation among the accessions. The Pst values of dry matter yield (DMY) and Cou were relatively high. Biplot analysis identified accessions with higher DMY and higher and lower Cou. Analysis of molecular sequence variation identified seven haplotypes of the trnL-F spacer and 13 haplotypes of the ITS region. Based on haplotype and sequence analyses, the genetic variation of M. officinalis was higher than that of M. albus. Additionally, ITS sequence analysis showed that the variation among accessions was larger than that among species across three geographical areas: Asia, Europe, and North America. Similarly, variation among accessions for both the trnL-F and ITS sequences were larger than the differences between the geographical areas. Our results indicate that there has been considerable gene flow between the two Melilotus species. Our characterization of Cou and the morphological and genetic variations of these two Melilotus species may provide useful insights into germplasm improvement to enhance DMY and Cou. |
topic |
chloroplast sequence coumarin Melilotus morphological trait molecular phylogenetics nuclear ITS |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/810 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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