Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis
The genus Rosa comprises more than 100 woody species characterized by intensive hybridization, introgression, and an overall complex evolutionary history. Besides many diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) polyploids ranging from 3x to 10x are frequently found. Here we analyzed 5S ribosomal DNA in 19 speci...
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2021-03-01
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doaj-e576b0f2a6514605b269ef7e69f6e9052021-03-08T16:43:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-03-011210.3389/fpls.2021.643548643548Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type MeiosisRadka Vozárová0Radka Vozárová1Veit Herklotz2Aleš Kovařík3Yuri O. Tynkevich4Roman A. Volkov5Christiane M. Ritz6Christiane M. Ritz7Jana Lunerová8Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, UkraineDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, UkraineDepartment of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, GermanyChair of Biodiversity of Higher Plants, International Institute (IHI) Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, CzechiaThe genus Rosa comprises more than 100 woody species characterized by intensive hybridization, introgression, and an overall complex evolutionary history. Besides many diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) polyploids ranging from 3x to 10x are frequently found. Here we analyzed 5S ribosomal DNA in 19 species covering two subgenera and the major sections within subg. Rosa. In addition to diploids and polyploids with regular meiosis, we focused on 5x dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae), which exhibit an asymmetric meiosis differentiating between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. Using genomic resources, we reconstructed 5S rDNA units to reveal their phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, we designed locus-specific probes derived from intergenic spacers (IGSs) and determined the position and number of 5S rDNA families on chromosomes. Two major 5S rDNA families (termed 5S_A and 5S_B, respectively) were found at variable ratios in both diploid and polyploid species including members of the early diverging subgenera, Rosa persica and Rosa minutifolia. Within subg. Rosa species of sect. Rosa amplified the 5S_A variant only, while taxa of other sections contained both variants at variable ratios. The 5S_B family was often co-localized with 35S rDNA at the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) chromosomes, whereas the co-localization of the 5S_A family with NOR was only exceptionally observed. The allo-pentaploid dogroses showed a distinct distribution of 5S rDNA families between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. In conclusion, two divergent 5S rDNA families dominate rose genomes. Both gene families apparently arose in the early history of the genus, already 30 myrs ago, and apparently survived numerous speciation events thereafter. These observations are consistent with a relatively slow genome turnover in the Rosa genus.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.643548/full5S rDNAevolutionRosagenomicscytogeneticsrepeatome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Radka Vozárová Radka Vozárová Veit Herklotz Aleš Kovařík Yuri O. Tynkevich Roman A. Volkov Christiane M. Ritz Christiane M. Ritz Jana Lunerová |
spellingShingle |
Radka Vozárová Radka Vozárová Veit Herklotz Aleš Kovařík Yuri O. Tynkevich Roman A. Volkov Christiane M. Ritz Christiane M. Ritz Jana Lunerová Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis Frontiers in Plant Science 5S rDNA evolution Rosa genomics cytogenetics repeatome |
author_facet |
Radka Vozárová Radka Vozárová Veit Herklotz Aleš Kovařík Yuri O. Tynkevich Roman A. Volkov Christiane M. Ritz Christiane M. Ritz Jana Lunerová |
author_sort |
Radka Vozárová |
title |
Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis |
title_short |
Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis |
title_full |
Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis |
title_fullStr |
Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis |
title_sort |
ancient origin of two 5s rdna families dominating in the genus rosa and their behavior in the canina-type meiosis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
The genus Rosa comprises more than 100 woody species characterized by intensive hybridization, introgression, and an overall complex evolutionary history. Besides many diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) polyploids ranging from 3x to 10x are frequently found. Here we analyzed 5S ribosomal DNA in 19 species covering two subgenera and the major sections within subg. Rosa. In addition to diploids and polyploids with regular meiosis, we focused on 5x dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae), which exhibit an asymmetric meiosis differentiating between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. Using genomic resources, we reconstructed 5S rDNA units to reveal their phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, we designed locus-specific probes derived from intergenic spacers (IGSs) and determined the position and number of 5S rDNA families on chromosomes. Two major 5S rDNA families (termed 5S_A and 5S_B, respectively) were found at variable ratios in both diploid and polyploid species including members of the early diverging subgenera, Rosa persica and Rosa minutifolia. Within subg. Rosa species of sect. Rosa amplified the 5S_A variant only, while taxa of other sections contained both variants at variable ratios. The 5S_B family was often co-localized with 35S rDNA at the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) chromosomes, whereas the co-localization of the 5S_A family with NOR was only exceptionally observed. The allo-pentaploid dogroses showed a distinct distribution of 5S rDNA families between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. In conclusion, two divergent 5S rDNA families dominate rose genomes. Both gene families apparently arose in the early history of the genus, already 30 myrs ago, and apparently survived numerous speciation events thereafter. These observations are consistent with a relatively slow genome turnover in the Rosa genus. |
topic |
5S rDNA evolution Rosa genomics cytogenetics repeatome |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.643548/full |
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