| Summary: | <h4>Background and aim</h4>Lenvatinib has become a first line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, continued administration is impossible in many patients due to treatment resistance and severe adverse events. This study aimed to identify predicting factors to select patients likely to benefit from lenvatinib treatment.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients who were treated with lenvatinib for unresectable HCC. They were divided to two groups; low C-reactive protein (CRP) group with pretreatment serum CRP level < 1.0 mg/dL and high CRP group with serum CRP level ≥ 1.0 mg/dl. Overall survival (OS), total amount administered, and period of treatment were compared between the two groups.<h4>Results</h4>The high CRP group showed a significantly poorer OS than the low CRP group (0.0% vs 71.5%/ 1year, p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed that high CRP was a significant negative factor for OS (HR: 7.69, 95% confidence interval: 2.43-24.3, p < 0.001), and this result was independent of Child-Pugh score and existing tumor factors. Relative dose intensity at 8 weeks was lower (p = 0.01) and time to treatment failure was shorter (P < 0.001) in the high CRP group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>CRP level was associated with OS in HCC patients treated with lenvatinib. CRP could be a useful marker to identify patients most likely to benefit from lenvatinib treatment.
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