MAS NMR on a Red/Far-Red Photochromic Cyanobacteriochrome All2699 from <i>Nostoc</i>

• Main Authors: Qian-Zhao Xu, Pavlo Bielytskyi, James Otis, Christina Lang, Jon Hughes, Kai-Hong Zhao, Aba Losi, Wolfgang Gärtner, Chen Song
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-07-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: photoreceptor; cyanobacteriochrome; tongue region; chromophore-binding pocket; solid-state NMR; site-directed mutagenesis; structural modeling
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/15/3656

Unlike canonical phytochromes, the GAF domain of cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) can bind bilins autonomously and is sufficient for functional photocycles. Despite the astonishing spectral diversity of CBCRs, the GAF1 domain of the three-GAF-domain photoreceptor all2699 from the cyanobacterium <i>Nostoc</i> 7120 is the only CBCR-GAF known that converts from a red-absorbing (Pr) dark state to a far-red-absorbing (Pfr) photoproduct, analogous to the more conservative phytochromes. Here we report a solid-state NMR spectroscopic study of all2699g1 in its Pr state. Conclusive NMR evidence unveils a particular stereochemical heterogeneity at the tetrahedral C3¹ atom, whereas the crystal structure shows exclusively the <i>R</i>-stereochemistry at this chiral center. Additional NMR experiments were performed on a construct comprising the GAF1 and GAF2 domains of all2699, showing a greater precision in the chromophore&#8722;protein interactions in the GAF1-2 construct. A 3D Pr structural model of the all2699g1-2 construct predicts a tongue-like region extending from the GAF2 domain (akin to canonical phytochromes) in the direction of the chromophore, shielding it from the solvent. In addition, this stabilizing element allows exclusively the <i>R</i>-stereochemistry for the chromophore-protein linkage. Site-directed mutagenesis performed on three conserved motifs in the hairpin-like tip confirms the interaction of the tongue region with the GAF1-bound chromophore.