Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America
Abstract The equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan (VEEV), East (EEEV) and West (WEEV), belong to the genus alphavirus, family Togaviridae and still represent a threat for human and animal public health in the Americas. In both, these infections are characterized by high viremia, rash, fever, ence...
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doaj-e802b7cde70f4424a6fbbb089a03d4682020-11-25T03:14:57ZengBMCAnnals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials1476-07112020-05-011911810.1186/s12941-020-00360-4Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical AmericaCamilo Guzmán-Terán0Alfonso Calderón-Rangel1Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales2Salim Mattar3Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT), Programa Regencia en Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de CórdobaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de CórdobaPublic Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de PereiraInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de CórdobaAbstract The equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan (VEEV), East (EEEV) and West (WEEV), belong to the genus alphavirus, family Togaviridae and still represent a threat for human and animal public health in the Americas. In both, these infections are characterized by high viremia, rash, fever, encephalitis and death. VEEV encephalitis is similar, clinically, to other arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika or chikungunya. Most of the alphaviruses are transmitted between vertebrates and mosquitoes. They are able to replicate in a wide number of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian and arthropods. The VEEV has enzootic and epizootic transmission cycles. At the enzootic one, enzootic strains (subtype I, serotypes D–F and serotypes II–VI) are continuously circulating between mosquitoes and wild rodents in tropical forests and mangroves of the Americas. The main reseroivrs are wild rodent species of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. However, bats can be also accidental reservoirs of VEEV. In this article, we reviewed the main features, epidemiology, clinical aspects and the current perspectives of the VEEV.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12941-020-00360-4ArbovirusEquineChiropteraAlphavirusZoonosesAmericas |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Camilo Guzmán-Terán Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales Salim Mattar |
spellingShingle |
Camilo Guzmán-Terán Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales Salim Mattar Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials Arbovirus Equine Chiroptera Alphavirus Zoonoses Americas |
author_facet |
Camilo Guzmán-Terán Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales Salim Mattar |
author_sort |
Camilo Guzmán-Terán |
title |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America |
title_short |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America |
title_full |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America |
title_fullStr |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America |
title_full_unstemmed |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America |
title_sort |
venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical america |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials |
issn |
1476-0711 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Abstract The equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan (VEEV), East (EEEV) and West (WEEV), belong to the genus alphavirus, family Togaviridae and still represent a threat for human and animal public health in the Americas. In both, these infections are characterized by high viremia, rash, fever, encephalitis and death. VEEV encephalitis is similar, clinically, to other arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika or chikungunya. Most of the alphaviruses are transmitted between vertebrates and mosquitoes. They are able to replicate in a wide number of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian and arthropods. The VEEV has enzootic and epizootic transmission cycles. At the enzootic one, enzootic strains (subtype I, serotypes D–F and serotypes II–VI) are continuously circulating between mosquitoes and wild rodents in tropical forests and mangroves of the Americas. The main reseroivrs are wild rodent species of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. However, bats can be also accidental reservoirs of VEEV. In this article, we reviewed the main features, epidemiology, clinical aspects and the current perspectives of the VEEV. |
topic |
Arbovirus Equine Chiroptera Alphavirus Zoonoses Americas |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12941-020-00360-4 |
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