| Summary: | The sequencing of individual chromosomes of common wheat is in progress. The molecular size of wheat chromosome 5B is nearly 870 Mb (5BL = 580 Mb and 5BS = 290 Mb). We produced the first low coverage 454-sequencing of the long and short arms of wheat chromosome 5B (110,793 and 39,695 reads, which compose 8 and 6% of total 5BL and 5BS length, respectively) and calculated the ratios of the different families of repetitive sequences, including transposable elements (TEs), satellite repeats (, , 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA), and microsatellites, as well as direct and inverted repeat motifs. The TEs accounted for 70% of the total analyzed nucleotide sequences. The content of the retrotransposon family differed between the two arms of chromosome 5B. Comparing the reads of chromosome 5B with the data from chromosome 5A, we found the retrotransposons and and DNA transposon were prevalent in 5B. The hypothetical coding sequences accounted for 2.0% of the short arm and 2.07% of the long arm. Using in silico mapping, we identified the regions of synteny with rice and chromosomes (1,073,526 and 1,767,298 bp aligned, respectively), and the result was consistent with the data from the expressed sequence tag (EST) mapping of wheat 5B chromosome to the genomes of these grasses. Thus, these results show that low coverage survey sequencing can provide useful information about the composition and evolution of wheat chromosome 5B.
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