The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness
Calcium phosphate cements, and in particular hydroxyapatite cements, have been widely investigated for use as bone void fillers due to their chemical similarity to bone and related osteoconductivity. However, they are brittle, which limits their use to non-load-bearing applications. The aim of the c...
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doaj-e8356934b9964d33a07b5b58f521495f2020-11-24T21:32:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442019-05-01129153110.3390/ma12091531ma12091531The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its ToughnessJun Luo0Julien Faivre1Håkan Engqvist2Cecilia Persson3Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, SwedenCalcium phosphate cements, and in particular hydroxyapatite cements, have been widely investigated for use as bone void fillers due to their chemical similarity to bone and related osteoconductivity. However, they are brittle, which limits their use to non-load-bearing applications. The aim of the current study was to improve the toughness of hydroxyapatite cements through fiber reinforcement. The effect of the addition of hydrophilic, poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) fibers to hydroxyapatite cement was evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, including compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and toughness (work of fracture), as well as setting time, phase composition and cement morphology. The fiber reinforcement enhanced the fracture resistance of the hydroxyapatite cement, but also simultaneously reduced the compressive strength and setting time of the cements. However, cement with 5 wt % of fibers (of the powder component) could be considered a good compromise, with a compressive strength of 46.5 ± 4.6 MPa (compared to 62.3 ± 12.8 MPa of that without fibers), i.e., still much greater than that of human trabecular bone (0.1−14 MPa). A significantly higher diametral tensile strength (9.2 ± 0.4 MPa) was found for this cement compared to that without fibers (7.4 ± 1.5 MPa). The work of fracture increased four times to 9.1 ± 1.5 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> in comparison to the pristine apatite. In summary, the hydroxyapatite cements could be reinforced by suitable amounts of PVA fibers, which resulted in enhancing the material’s structural integrity and ductility, and increased the material’s resistance to cracking.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/9/1531fiber reinforcementapatite cementpoly(vinyl alcohol)compositecompressive strengthwork of fracturediametral tensile strengthtoughness |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jun Luo Julien Faivre Håkan Engqvist Cecilia Persson |
spellingShingle |
Jun Luo Julien Faivre Håkan Engqvist Cecilia Persson The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness Materials fiber reinforcement apatite cement poly(vinyl alcohol) composite compressive strength work of fracture diametral tensile strength toughness |
author_facet |
Jun Luo Julien Faivre Håkan Engqvist Cecilia Persson |
author_sort |
Jun Luo |
title |
The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness |
title_short |
The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness |
title_full |
The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness |
title_fullStr |
The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness |
title_sort |
addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers to apatitic calcium phosphate cement can improve its toughness |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Calcium phosphate cements, and in particular hydroxyapatite cements, have been widely investigated for use as bone void fillers due to their chemical similarity to bone and related osteoconductivity. However, they are brittle, which limits their use to non-load-bearing applications. The aim of the current study was to improve the toughness of hydroxyapatite cements through fiber reinforcement. The effect of the addition of hydrophilic, poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) fibers to hydroxyapatite cement was evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, including compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and toughness (work of fracture), as well as setting time, phase composition and cement morphology. The fiber reinforcement enhanced the fracture resistance of the hydroxyapatite cement, but also simultaneously reduced the compressive strength and setting time of the cements. However, cement with 5 wt % of fibers (of the powder component) could be considered a good compromise, with a compressive strength of 46.5 ± 4.6 MPa (compared to 62.3 ± 12.8 MPa of that without fibers), i.e., still much greater than that of human trabecular bone (0.1−14 MPa). A significantly higher diametral tensile strength (9.2 ± 0.4 MPa) was found for this cement compared to that without fibers (7.4 ± 1.5 MPa). The work of fracture increased four times to 9.1 ± 1.5 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> in comparison to the pristine apatite. In summary, the hydroxyapatite cements could be reinforced by suitable amounts of PVA fibers, which resulted in enhancing the material’s structural integrity and ductility, and increased the material’s resistance to cracking. |
topic |
fiber reinforcement apatite cement poly(vinyl alcohol) composite compressive strength work of fracture diametral tensile strength toughness |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/9/1531 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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