| Summary: | Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to analyze relationships among cowpea and asparagus bean landraces from southern Italy and to assess the utility of this technology to study taxonomy in a wider panel, including <i>V. unguiculata</i> cultigroups, subspecies, and other <i>Vigna</i> species. The analysis of SNPs derived from GBS highlighted that, among the cowpea landraces, the African samples were separated from the other material, while, for the Italian landraces, a certain clustering depending on seed color/pattern was observed in the dendrogram. When examining the <i>V. unguiculata</i> species complex, a clear separation between the two groups of wild subspecies, i.e., the allogamous wild perennials and the perennial out/inbreds, could be observed, the former representing the more ancestral wild progenitors of <i>V. unguiculata</i>. The species <i>V. vexillata</i> appeared more closely related to <i>V. unguiculata</i> than to the other <i>Vigna</i> species analyzed.
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