Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i>
Among the several human fungal pathogens, <i>Candida</i> genus represents one of the most implicated in the clinical scenario. There exist several distinctive features that govern the establishment of <i>Candida</i> infections in addition to their capacity to adapt to multipl...
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doaj-e88ebac761324da0999c3130e9d6e1ef2021-08-26T14:11:33ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-07-011094294210.3390/pathogens10080942Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i>Saif Hameed0Sandeep Hans1Shweta Singh2Ruby Dhiman3Ross Monasky4Ramendra Pati Pandey5Shankar Thangamani6Zeeshan Fatima7Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, IndiaCentre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Sonepat 131029, IndiaDepartment of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USACentre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Sonepat 131029, IndiaDepartment of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USAAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, IndiaAmong the several human fungal pathogens, <i>Candida</i> genus represents one of the most implicated in the clinical scenario. There exist several distinctive features that govern the establishment of <i>Candida</i> infections in addition to their capacity to adapt to multiple stress conditions inside humans which also include evasion of host immune responses. The complex fungal cell wall of the prevalent pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i>, is one of the main targets of antifungal drugs and recognized by host immune cells. The wall consists of tiered arrangement of an outer thin but dense covering of mannan and inner buried layers of β-glucan and chitin. However, the pathogenic fungi adopt strategies to evade immune recognition by masking these molecules. This capacity to camouflage the immunogenic polysaccharide β-glucan from the host is a key virulence factor of <i>C. albicans</i>. The present review is an attempt to collate various underlying factors and mechanisms involved in <i>Candida</i> β-glucan masking from the available pool of knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding. This will further improve therapeutic approaches to candidiasis by identifying new antifungal targets that blocks fungal immune evasion.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/942<i>Candida</i>MDRcell wallβ-glucanchitinmannan |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Saif Hameed Sandeep Hans Shweta Singh Ruby Dhiman Ross Monasky Ramendra Pati Pandey Shankar Thangamani Zeeshan Fatima |
spellingShingle |
Saif Hameed Sandeep Hans Shweta Singh Ruby Dhiman Ross Monasky Ramendra Pati Pandey Shankar Thangamani Zeeshan Fatima Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> Pathogens <i>Candida</i> MDR cell wall β-glucan chitin mannan |
author_facet |
Saif Hameed Sandeep Hans Shweta Singh Ruby Dhiman Ross Monasky Ramendra Pati Pandey Shankar Thangamani Zeeshan Fatima |
author_sort |
Saif Hameed |
title |
Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> |
title_short |
Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> |
title_full |
Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> |
title_fullStr |
Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revisiting the Vital Drivers and Mechanisms of β-Glucan Masking in Human Fungal Pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i> |
title_sort |
revisiting the vital drivers and mechanisms of β-glucan masking in human fungal pathogen, <i>candida albicans</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Among the several human fungal pathogens, <i>Candida</i> genus represents one of the most implicated in the clinical scenario. There exist several distinctive features that govern the establishment of <i>Candida</i> infections in addition to their capacity to adapt to multiple stress conditions inside humans which also include evasion of host immune responses. The complex fungal cell wall of the prevalent pathogen, <i>Candida albicans</i>, is one of the main targets of antifungal drugs and recognized by host immune cells. The wall consists of tiered arrangement of an outer thin but dense covering of mannan and inner buried layers of β-glucan and chitin. However, the pathogenic fungi adopt strategies to evade immune recognition by masking these molecules. This capacity to camouflage the immunogenic polysaccharide β-glucan from the host is a key virulence factor of <i>C. albicans</i>. The present review is an attempt to collate various underlying factors and mechanisms involved in <i>Candida</i> β-glucan masking from the available pool of knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding. This will further improve therapeutic approaches to candidiasis by identifying new antifungal targets that blocks fungal immune evasion. |
topic |
<i>Candida</i> MDR cell wall β-glucan chitin mannan |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/942 |
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