Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia
Background and Aim: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of Aeromonas spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fi...
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Veterinary World
2021-08-01
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Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/11.pdf |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi Ruhil Hayati Hamdan Maizan Mohamed Aziana Ismail Ain Auzureen Mat Zin Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad |
spellingShingle |
Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi Ruhil Hayati Hamdan Maizan Mohamed Aziana Ismail Ain Auzureen Mat Zin Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia Veterinary World aeromonas antibiotic resistance genes antibiotic susceptibility freshwater fish |
author_facet |
Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi Ruhil Hayati Hamdan Maizan Mohamed Aziana Ismail Ain Auzureen Mat Zin Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad |
author_sort |
Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi |
title |
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia |
title_short |
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia |
title_full |
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia |
title_sort |
prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in kelantan and terengganu states, malaysia |
publisher |
Veterinary World |
series |
Veterinary World |
issn |
0972-8988 2231-0916 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Background and Aim: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of Aeromonas spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fish samples, Oreochromis spp., Clarias gariepinus, and Pangasius hypophthalmus, obtained from Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 221 fish samples, of which 108 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=35) were from Kelantan and 113 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=40) were from Terengganu, were caught using cast nets. Then, samples from their kidneys were cultured on a Rimler Shott agar to isolate Aeromonas spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm this isolation using specific gene primers for species identification. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer method, after which the PCR was conducted again to detect resistance genes: sul1, strA-strB, aadA, blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA-tetE, and tetM.
Results: From the results, 61 isolates were identified as being from the genus Aeromonas using PCR, of which 28 were Aeromonas jandaei, 19 were Aeromonas veronii, seven were Aeromonas hydrophila, and seven were Aeromonas sobria. Moreover, 8, 12, and 8 of A. jandaei; 4, 3, and 12 of A. veronii; 6, 0, and 1 of A. hydrophila; and 3, 3, and 1 of A. sobria were obtained from Oreochromis spp., C. gariepinus, and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. In addition, the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (59.0%), each kanamycin and nalidixic acid (41.0%), neomycin (36.1%), tetracycline (19.7%), sulfamethoxazole (14.8%), and oxytetracycline (13.1%). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin both had the same percentage (9.8%), whereas isolates showed the lowest resistance to norfloxacin (8.2%) and doxycycline (1.6%). Notably, all Aeromonas isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Results also revealed that the multiple antibiotic resistances index of the isolates ranged from 0.07 to 0.64, suggesting that the farmed fish in these areas were introduced to the logged antibiotics indiscriminately and constantly during their cultivation stages. Results also revealed that the sul1 gene was detected in 19.7% of the Aeromonas isolates, whereas the tetracycline resistance genes, tetA and tetE, were detected in 27.9% and 4.9% of the isolates, respectively. However, β-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM and blaSHV, were found in 44.3% and 13.1% of Aeromonas isolates, respectively, whereas strA-strB and aadA genes were found in 3.3% and 13.1% of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: This study, therefore, calls for continuous surveillance of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. in cultured freshwater fish to aid disease management and better understand their implications to public health. |
topic |
aeromonas antibiotic resistance genes antibiotic susceptibility freshwater fish |
url |
http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/11.pdf |
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doaj-e8acff7a8b87435e834b642cb4884ba12021-08-10T11:23:43ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162021-08-011482064207210.14202/vetworld.2021.2064-2072Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, MalaysiaNik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-3889Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-771XMaizan Mohamed2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-8950Aziana Ismail3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6243Ain Auzureen Mat Zin4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-1473Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-4121Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Background and Aim: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has been increasingly reported, which has resulted in a decreasing ability to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of Aeromonas spp., including its antibiotic resistance in various fish samples, Oreochromis spp., Clarias gariepinus, and Pangasius hypophthalmus, obtained from Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 221 fish samples, of which 108 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=35) were from Kelantan and 113 (Oreochromis spp., n=38; C. gariepinus, n=35; and P. hypophthalmus, n=40) were from Terengganu, were caught using cast nets. Then, samples from their kidneys were cultured on a Rimler Shott agar to isolate Aeromonas spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm this isolation using specific gene primers for species identification. Subsequently, the isolates were tested for their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer method, after which the PCR was conducted again to detect resistance genes: sul1, strA-strB, aadA, blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA-tetE, and tetM. Results: From the results, 61 isolates were identified as being from the genus Aeromonas using PCR, of which 28 were Aeromonas jandaei, 19 were Aeromonas veronii, seven were Aeromonas hydrophila, and seven were Aeromonas sobria. Moreover, 8, 12, and 8 of A. jandaei; 4, 3, and 12 of A. veronii; 6, 0, and 1 of A. hydrophila; and 3, 3, and 1 of A. sobria were obtained from Oreochromis spp., C. gariepinus, and P. hypophthalmus, respectively. In addition, the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (100%), followed by streptomycin (59.0%), each kanamycin and nalidixic acid (41.0%), neomycin (36.1%), tetracycline (19.7%), sulfamethoxazole (14.8%), and oxytetracycline (13.1%). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin both had the same percentage (9.8%), whereas isolates showed the lowest resistance to norfloxacin (8.2%) and doxycycline (1.6%). Notably, all Aeromonas isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Results also revealed that the multiple antibiotic resistances index of the isolates ranged from 0.07 to 0.64, suggesting that the farmed fish in these areas were introduced to the logged antibiotics indiscriminately and constantly during their cultivation stages. Results also revealed that the sul1 gene was detected in 19.7% of the Aeromonas isolates, whereas the tetracycline resistance genes, tetA and tetE, were detected in 27.9% and 4.9% of the isolates, respectively. However, β-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM and blaSHV, were found in 44.3% and 13.1% of Aeromonas isolates, respectively, whereas strA-strB and aadA genes were found in 3.3% and 13.1% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: This study, therefore, calls for continuous surveillance of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. in cultured freshwater fish to aid disease management and better understand their implications to public health.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/11.pdfaeromonasantibiotic resistance genesantibiotic susceptibilityfreshwater fish |