Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

• Main Authors: Md Monirul Islam, Daisuke Ekuni, Naoki Toyama, Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata, Kota Kataoka, Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara, Daiki Fukuhara, Hikari Saho, Nanami Sawada, Yukiho Nakashima, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Manabu Morita
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-04-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: sleep quality; sleep duration; periodontal disease; university students
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/9/3034

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and duration, and periodontal disease among a group of young Japanese university students. First-year students (<i>n</i> = 1934) at Okayama University who voluntarily underwent oral health examinations were included in the analysis. Sleep quality and duration were assessed by the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dentists examined Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontal disease was defined as presence of PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP ≥ 30%. Overall, 283 (14.6%) students had periodontal disease. Poor sleep quality was observed among 372 (19.2%) students. Mean (± standard deviation) sleep duration was 7.1 ± 1.1 (hours/night). In the logistic regression analysis, periodontal disease was significantly associated with OHI-S (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.83–2.90; <i>p</i> < 0.001), but not sleep quality (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.79–1.53; <i>p</i> = 0.577) or sleep duration (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.87–1.10; <i>p</i> = 0.717). In conclusion, sleep quality and duration were not associated with periodontal disease among this group of young Japanese university students.