Tribbles Pseudokinases in Colorectal Cancer

• Main Authors: Bibiana I. Ferreira, Bruno Santos, Wolfgang Link, Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
• Series: Cancers
• Subjects: tribbles; colon cancer; oncogene; colorectal cancer; pseudokinase; biomarker
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/11/2825

The Tribbles family of pseudokinases controls a wide number of processes during cancer on-set and progression. However, the exact contribution of each of the three family members is still to be defined. Their function appears to be context-dependent as they can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. They act as scaffolds modulating the activity of several signaling pathways involved in different cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the state-of-knowledge for <i>TRIB1</i>, <i>TRIB2</i> and <i>TRIB3</i> in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. We take a perspective look at the role of Tribbles proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Specifically, we chronologically systematized all available articles since 2003 until 2020, for which Tribbles were associated with colorectal cancer human samples or cell lines. Herein, we discuss: (1) Tribbles amplification and overexpression; (2) the clinical significance of Tribbles overexpression; (3) upstream Tribbles gene and protein expression regulation; (4) Tribbles pharmacological modulation; (5) genetic modulation of Tribbles; and (6) downstream mechanisms regulated by Tribbles; establishing a comprehensive timeline, essential to better consolidate the current knowledge of Tribbles’ role in colorectal cancer.