The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, an...
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doaj-e8ee7019ae6744a6b4fe2b241a0165922021-02-17T04:34:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602021-02-01910.3389/fped.2021.624045624045The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseLauren O'Connell0Lauren O'Connell1Des C. Winter2Carol M. Aherne3Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandCentre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, IrelandCentre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, IrelandConway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, and mechanisms of immune response and resolution contribute to the development of IBD. Traditionally two platforms have been utilized for disease modeling of IBD; in-vitro monolayer cell culture and in-vivo animal models. Both models have limitations, including cost, lack of representative cell types, lack of complexity of cellular interactions in a living organism, and xenogeneity. Organoids, three-dimensional cellular structures which recapitulate the basic architecture and functional processes of the organ of origin, hold potential as a third platform with which to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular defects which give rise to IBD. Organoids retain the genetic and transcriptomic profile of the tissue of origin over time and unlike monolayer cell culture can be induced to differentiate into most adult intestinal cell types. They may be used to model intestinal host-microbe interactions occurring at the mucosal barrier, are amenable to genetic manipulation and can be co-cultured with other cell lines of interest. Bioengineering approaches may be applied to render a more faithful representation of the intestinal epithelial niche. In this review, we outline the concept of intestinal organoids, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform comparative to alternative models, and describe the translational applications of organoids in IBD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.624045/fullorganoidsinflammatory bowel diseasedisease modelingmucosal defenseepithelial barrier |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lauren O'Connell Lauren O'Connell Des C. Winter Carol M. Aherne |
spellingShingle |
Lauren O'Connell Lauren O'Connell Des C. Winter Carol M. Aherne The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Frontiers in Pediatrics organoids inflammatory bowel disease disease modeling mucosal defense epithelial barrier |
author_facet |
Lauren O'Connell Lauren O'Connell Des C. Winter Carol M. Aherne |
author_sort |
Lauren O'Connell |
title |
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_short |
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_full |
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
title_sort |
role of organoids as a novel platform for modeling of inflammatory bowel disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
issn |
2296-2360 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, and mechanisms of immune response and resolution contribute to the development of IBD. Traditionally two platforms have been utilized for disease modeling of IBD; in-vitro monolayer cell culture and in-vivo animal models. Both models have limitations, including cost, lack of representative cell types, lack of complexity of cellular interactions in a living organism, and xenogeneity. Organoids, three-dimensional cellular structures which recapitulate the basic architecture and functional processes of the organ of origin, hold potential as a third platform with which to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular defects which give rise to IBD. Organoids retain the genetic and transcriptomic profile of the tissue of origin over time and unlike monolayer cell culture can be induced to differentiate into most adult intestinal cell types. They may be used to model intestinal host-microbe interactions occurring at the mucosal barrier, are amenable to genetic manipulation and can be co-cultured with other cell lines of interest. Bioengineering approaches may be applied to render a more faithful representation of the intestinal epithelial niche. In this review, we outline the concept of intestinal organoids, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform comparative to alternative models, and describe the translational applications of organoids in IBD. |
topic |
organoids inflammatory bowel disease disease modeling mucosal defense epithelial barrier |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.624045/full |
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