Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy (RT), an integral component of curative treatment for many malignancies, can be administered via an increasing array of techniques. In this review, we summarize the properties and application of different types of RT, specifically, conventional therapy with x-rays, stereotactic bod...
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doaj-e92d53d4b40d40c9ae7cea100d9c96bc2020-11-25T04:00:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-01218151815110.3390/ijms21218151Immunomodulatory Effects of RadiotherapySharda Kumari0Shibani Mukherjee1Debapriya Sinha2Salim Abdisalaam3Sunil Krishnan4Aroumougame Asaithamby5Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADivision of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADivision of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADivision of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USADivision of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USARadiation therapy (RT), an integral component of curative treatment for many malignancies, can be administered via an increasing array of techniques. In this review, we summarize the properties and application of different types of RT, specifically, conventional therapy with x-rays, stereotactic body RT, and proton and carbon particle therapies. We highlight how low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induces simple DNA lesions that are efficiently repaired by cells, whereas high-LET radiation causes complex DNA lesions that are difficult to repair and that ultimately enhance cancer cell killing. Additionally, we discuss the immunogenicity of radiation-induced tumor death, elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation mounts innate and adaptive immune responses and explore strategies by which we can increase the efficacy of these mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which RT modulates immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating the RT-mediated immune response will help to improve therapeutic efficacy and to identify novel immunomodulatory drugs that will benefit cancer patients undergoing targeted RT.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8151radiation therapycharged particle therapycarbon ion therapyclustered DNA damageimmune signalingcancer vaccines |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sharda Kumari Shibani Mukherjee Debapriya Sinha Salim Abdisalaam Sunil Krishnan Aroumougame Asaithamby |
spellingShingle |
Sharda Kumari Shibani Mukherjee Debapriya Sinha Salim Abdisalaam Sunil Krishnan Aroumougame Asaithamby Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences radiation therapy charged particle therapy carbon ion therapy clustered DNA damage immune signaling cancer vaccines |
author_facet |
Sharda Kumari Shibani Mukherjee Debapriya Sinha Salim Abdisalaam Sunil Krishnan Aroumougame Asaithamby |
author_sort |
Sharda Kumari |
title |
Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy |
title_short |
Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy |
title_full |
Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy |
title_fullStr |
Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy |
title_sort |
immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Radiation therapy (RT), an integral component of curative treatment for many malignancies, can be administered via an increasing array of techniques. In this review, we summarize the properties and application of different types of RT, specifically, conventional therapy with x-rays, stereotactic body RT, and proton and carbon particle therapies. We highlight how low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induces simple DNA lesions that are efficiently repaired by cells, whereas high-LET radiation causes complex DNA lesions that are difficult to repair and that ultimately enhance cancer cell killing. Additionally, we discuss the immunogenicity of radiation-induced tumor death, elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation mounts innate and adaptive immune responses and explore strategies by which we can increase the efficacy of these mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which RT modulates immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating the RT-mediated immune response will help to improve therapeutic efficacy and to identify novel immunomodulatory drugs that will benefit cancer patients undergoing targeted RT. |
topic |
radiation therapy charged particle therapy carbon ion therapy clustered DNA damage immune signaling cancer vaccines |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8151 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT shardakumari immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy AT shibanimukherjee immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy AT debapriyasinha immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy AT salimabdisalaam immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy AT sunilkrishnan immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy AT aroumougameasaithamby immunomodulatoryeffectsofradiotherapy |
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1724448414754668544 |