PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014
Background: Early infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pediatrics with the use of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way of assessing the retroviral status of HIV exposed infant with the view of early commencement of treatment for infected infants. It also...
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doaj-e93954eb671d4d0a9ff921adf338796a2021-09-02T06:23:55ZengGlobal Health and Education Projects, Inc.International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS2161-86742161-864X2014-11-013210.21106/ijma.49PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014Isaac Oludare Oluwayemi, MBBS, FWACP0Simeon Oladele Olatunya, MBBS, FMCP1Ezra Olatunde Ogundare, MBChB, FWACP2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NIGERIADepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NigeriaDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Background: Early infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pediatrics with the use of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way of assessing the retroviral status of HIV exposed infant with the view of early commencement of treatment for infected infants. It also serves as a way of assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in health care facilities. Methods: This was a 5-year prospective cross-sectional study at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, (EkSUTH) Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Babies delivered to HIV-positive mothers who presented at EkSUTH between January 2010 and December 2014 were enrolled in the present study. PCR was done twice for all HIV-exposed infants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. Results: One hundred and fifty eight infants were HIV exposed; 72 males and 86 females (M:F= 0.84:1). Eighty eight (55.7%) of the mothers had commenced highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) before pregnancy, 56 (35.4%) during pregnancy, and 14 (8.9%) after delivery. Ten (6.3%) babies tested positive. Four (28.6%) of 14 exposed babies whose mothers commenced HAART after delivery tested positive to HIV compared to 3 (5.4%) of 56 babies whose mother commenced HAART during pregnancy and 3 (3.4%) of 88 babies whose mother commenced HAART before pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.28, df = 4, p = 0.01). Conclusions and Global Health Implications: There is significant reduction in transmission of HIV from mothers to children with commencement of antiretroviral drugs before pregnancy in mothers and use of Nevirapine for all exposed babies for the first 6 weeks of life. Infants of HIV positive mothers can live healthy life free of HIV infection if their mothers participate in PMTCT program. Key words: HIV • PCR • Infants • Treatment Outcomes • PMTCT • Nigeria Copyright © 2015 Oluwayemi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.mchandaids.org/index.php/IJMA/article/view/49 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Isaac Oludare Oluwayemi, MBBS, FWACP Simeon Oladele Olatunya, MBBS, FMCP Ezra Olatunde Ogundare, MBChB, FWACP |
spellingShingle |
Isaac Oludare Oluwayemi, MBBS, FWACP Simeon Oladele Olatunya, MBBS, FMCP Ezra Olatunde Ogundare, MBChB, FWACP PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS |
author_facet |
Isaac Oludare Oluwayemi, MBBS, FWACP Simeon Oladele Olatunya, MBBS, FMCP Ezra Olatunde Ogundare, MBChB, FWACP |
author_sort |
Isaac Oludare Oluwayemi, MBBS, FWACP |
title |
PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 |
title_short |
PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 |
title_full |
PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 |
title_fullStr |
PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 |
title_full_unstemmed |
PCR Results and PMTCT Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Exposed Infants in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria, 2010-2014 |
title_sort |
pcr results and pmtct treatment outcomes among hiv-exposed infants in a tertiary hospital in nigeria, 2010-2014 |
publisher |
Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. |
series |
International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS |
issn |
2161-8674 2161-864X |
publishDate |
2014-11-01 |
description |
Background: Early infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pediatrics with the use of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way of assessing the retroviral status of HIV exposed infant with the view of early commencement of treatment for infected infants. It also serves as a way of assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in health
care facilities.
Methods: This was a 5-year prospective cross-sectional study at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, (EkSUTH) Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Babies delivered to HIV-positive mothers who presented at EkSUTH between January 2010 and December 2014 were enrolled in the present study. PCR was done twice for all HIV-exposed infants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: One hundred and fifty eight infants were HIV exposed; 72 males and 86 females (M:F= 0.84:1). Eighty eight (55.7%) of the mothers had commenced highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) before pregnancy, 56 (35.4%) during pregnancy, and 14 (8.9%) after delivery. Ten (6.3%) babies tested positive. Four (28.6%) of 14 exposed babies whose mothers commenced HAART after delivery tested positive to HIV compared to 3 (5.4%) of 56 babies whose mother commenced HAART during pregnancy and 3 (3.4%) of 88 babies whose mother commenced HAART before pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.28, df = 4, p = 0.01).
Conclusions and Global Health Implications: There is significant reduction in transmission of HIV from mothers to children with commencement of antiretroviral drugs before pregnancy in mothers and use of Nevirapine for all exposed babies for the first 6 weeks of life. Infants of HIV positive mothers can live healthy life free of HIV infection if their mothers participate in PMTCT program.
Key words: HIV • PCR • Infants • Treatment Outcomes • PMTCT • Nigeria
Copyright © 2015 Oluwayemi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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url |
https://www.mchandaids.org/index.php/IJMA/article/view/49 |
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