White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes
The relationships between white spruce radial increment and wood properties were investigated in relation to tree and stand attributes using data from mature white spruce stands in the boreal forest of western Canada that experienced a range of shelterwood treatments. The model with the highest pred...
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doaj-ea254376f45c408bb6f9613beb6200d22020-11-24T21:21:28ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072016-02-01734910.3390/f7030049f7030049White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand AttributesFrancesco Cortini0Dan A. MacIsaac1Philip G. Comeau2Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H1, CanadaCanadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton T6H 3S5, CanadaDepartment of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H1, CanadaThe relationships between white spruce radial increment and wood properties were investigated in relation to tree and stand attributes using data from mature white spruce stands in the boreal forest of western Canada that experienced a range of shelterwood treatments. The model with the highest predictive ability was radial increment (adj-R2 = 67%) and included crown attributes, diameter at breast height (DBH), average height of competitors, and a climate index. Radial growth was positively related to live crown ratio, whereas wood density and modulus of elasticity were negatively correlated to the crown attribute. Tree slenderness had a significant negative effect on wood density and modulus of elasticity, as it reflects the mechanical stability requirement of the tree. The models consistently improved when using annual averages calculated over longer periods of time. However, when the annual averages were calculated using time periods of 5–10 and 10–20 years prior to sampling, the predictive ability of the models decreased, which indicated that the current tree and stand conditions were the best predictors of growth and wood properties up to five years prior to sampling. This study suggests that crown length equal to 2/3 of the tree height might represent an optimal balance between radial growth and wood quality.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/7/3/49white spruceradial growthwood densitymicrofibril anglemodulus of elasticity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francesco Cortini Dan A. MacIsaac Philip G. Comeau |
spellingShingle |
Francesco Cortini Dan A. MacIsaac Philip G. Comeau White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes Forests white spruce radial growth wood density microfibril angle modulus of elasticity |
author_facet |
Francesco Cortini Dan A. MacIsaac Philip G. Comeau |
author_sort |
Francesco Cortini |
title |
White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes |
title_short |
White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes |
title_full |
White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes |
title_fullStr |
White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes |
title_full_unstemmed |
White Spruce Growth and Wood Properties over Multiple Time Periods in Relation to Current Tree and Stand Attributes |
title_sort |
white spruce growth and wood properties over multiple time periods in relation to current tree and stand attributes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2016-02-01 |
description |
The relationships between white spruce radial increment and wood properties were investigated in relation to tree and stand attributes using data from mature white spruce stands in the boreal forest of western Canada that experienced a range of shelterwood treatments. The model with the highest predictive ability was radial increment (adj-R2 = 67%) and included crown attributes, diameter at breast height (DBH), average height of competitors, and a climate index. Radial growth was positively related to live crown ratio, whereas wood density and modulus of elasticity were negatively correlated to the crown attribute. Tree slenderness had a significant negative effect on wood density and modulus of elasticity, as it reflects the mechanical stability requirement of the tree. The models consistently improved when using annual averages calculated over longer periods of time. However, when the annual averages were calculated using time periods of 5–10 and 10–20 years prior to sampling, the predictive ability of the models decreased, which indicated that the current tree and stand conditions were the best predictors of growth and wood properties up to five years prior to sampling. This study suggests that crown length equal to 2/3 of the tree height might represent an optimal balance between radial growth and wood quality. |
topic |
white spruce radial growth wood density microfibril angle modulus of elasticity |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/7/3/49 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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