Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress
Research has shown that estrogen is present and plays a critical role in vertebrate reproduction and metabolism, but the influence of steroids on Toxoplasma gondii has received less attention. Our data showed that estradiol and progesterone induced parasitic cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes. This process requi...
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doaj-ea4f0bc5c35045999e9fe2cffc39f4472020-11-24T22:36:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-06-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.01266351322Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and EgressXiao Zhang0Xiao Zhang1Heng Zhang2Heng Zhang3Yong Fu4Yong Fu5Jing Liu6Jing Liu7Qun Liu8Qun Liu9National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaResearch has shown that estrogen is present and plays a critical role in vertebrate reproduction and metabolism, but the influence of steroids on Toxoplasma gondii has received less attention. Our data showed that estradiol and progesterone induced parasitic cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes. This process required estrogen to enter the cytoplasm of T. gondii, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) emerged as important factors controlling parasitic intracellular (IC) Ca2+ signals. Cytosolic Ca2+, which is regulated by estradiol, was mostly mobilized from acidic organelles. Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ slightly increased MIC2 protein secretion and promoted the gliding motility and egress of parasites, thus enhancing the pathogenicity of T. gondii, as shown in our previous research. We subsequently determined that the main source of Ca2+ regulated by progesterone was a neutral store. In contrast to the findings of estradiol, progesterone reduced MIC2 protein secretion and inhibited the gliding motility of parasites, which may decrease their pathogenicity. Additionally, unlike in mammals, estradiol and progesterone had no effect on nitric oxide (NO) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in T. gondii.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01266/fullestradiolprogesteroneToxoplasmacalcium intracellular releaseglidingmicroneme secretion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiao Zhang Xiao Zhang Heng Zhang Heng Zhang Yong Fu Yong Fu Jing Liu Jing Liu Qun Liu Qun Liu |
spellingShingle |
Xiao Zhang Xiao Zhang Heng Zhang Heng Zhang Yong Fu Yong Fu Jing Liu Jing Liu Qun Liu Qun Liu Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress Frontiers in Microbiology estradiol progesterone Toxoplasma calcium intracellular release gliding microneme secretion |
author_facet |
Xiao Zhang Xiao Zhang Heng Zhang Heng Zhang Yong Fu Yong Fu Jing Liu Jing Liu Qun Liu Qun Liu |
author_sort |
Xiao Zhang |
title |
Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress |
title_short |
Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress |
title_full |
Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone-Induced Intracellular Calcium Fluxes on Toxoplasma gondii Gliding, Microneme Secretion, and Egress |
title_sort |
effects of estradiol and progesterone-induced intracellular calcium fluxes on toxoplasma gondii gliding, microneme secretion, and egress |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Research has shown that estrogen is present and plays a critical role in vertebrate reproduction and metabolism, but the influence of steroids on Toxoplasma gondii has received less attention. Our data showed that estradiol and progesterone induced parasitic cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes. This process required estrogen to enter the cytoplasm of T. gondii, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) emerged as important factors controlling parasitic intracellular (IC) Ca2+ signals. Cytosolic Ca2+, which is regulated by estradiol, was mostly mobilized from acidic organelles. Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ slightly increased MIC2 protein secretion and promoted the gliding motility and egress of parasites, thus enhancing the pathogenicity of T. gondii, as shown in our previous research. We subsequently determined that the main source of Ca2+ regulated by progesterone was a neutral store. In contrast to the findings of estradiol, progesterone reduced MIC2 protein secretion and inhibited the gliding motility of parasites, which may decrease their pathogenicity. Additionally, unlike in mammals, estradiol and progesterone had no effect on nitric oxide (NO) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in T. gondii. |
topic |
estradiol progesterone Toxoplasma calcium intracellular release gliding microneme secretion |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01266/full |
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