Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs
Abstract Host specificity of parasitoids may be measured by various specialization indices to assess the variation of interaction strength among species and the structure of the wider interaction network. However, the conclusions from analyses at the species and network levels may differ, which rema...
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doaj-ea531ca03c8047d3b6f4a2e4b8266d4c2021-03-02T08:54:25ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582018-08-018167879789310.1002/ece3.4344Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food websYao‐Guang Qin0Qing‐Song Zhou1Fang Yu2Xu‐Bo Wang3Jiu‐Feng Wei4Chao‐Dong Zhu5Yan‐Zhou Zhang6Alfried P. Vogler7Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing ChinaCollege of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaDepartment of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UKAbstract Host specificity of parasitoids may be measured by various specialization indices to assess the variation of interaction strength among species and the structure of the wider interaction network. However, the conclusions from analyses at the species and network levels may differ, which remains poorly explored. In addition, the recovery of cryptic species of hosts and parasitoids with molecular data may affect the structure of inferred interaction links. We quantified host specificity of hymenopteran parasitoids (family Encyrtidae) on armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from a wide geographic sampling range across the Chinese Mainland based on both morphological and molecular species delimitation. Mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S markers detected high cryptic species diversity in the encyrtids and to a lesser degree in the diaspidids, which divided generalist morphospecies into complexes of specialists and generalists. One‐to‐one reciprocal host–parasite links were increased in the molecular data set, but different quantitative species‐level indices produced contrasting estimates of specificity from various one‐to‐multiple and multiple‐to‐multiple host–parasite links. Network indices calculated from DNA‐based species, compared to morphology‐based species definitions, showed lower connectance and generality, but greater specialization and compartmentalization of the interaction network. We conclude that a high degree of cryptic species in host–parasitoid systems refines the true network structure and may cause us overestimating the stability of these interaction webs.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4344cryptic speciesfood web structurehost specificitymolecular species delimitationspecialization index |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yao‐Guang Qin Qing‐Song Zhou Fang Yu Xu‐Bo Wang Jiu‐Feng Wei Chao‐Dong Zhu Yan‐Zhou Zhang Alfried P. Vogler |
spellingShingle |
Yao‐Guang Qin Qing‐Song Zhou Fang Yu Xu‐Bo Wang Jiu‐Feng Wei Chao‐Dong Zhu Yan‐Zhou Zhang Alfried P. Vogler Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs Ecology and Evolution cryptic species food web structure host specificity molecular species delimitation specialization index |
author_facet |
Yao‐Guang Qin Qing‐Song Zhou Fang Yu Xu‐Bo Wang Jiu‐Feng Wei Chao‐Dong Zhu Yan‐Zhou Zhang Alfried P. Vogler |
author_sort |
Yao‐Guang Qin |
title |
Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
title_short |
Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
title_full |
Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
title_fullStr |
Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
title_full_unstemmed |
Host specificity of parasitoids (Encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (Diaspididae): Untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
title_sort |
host specificity of parasitoids (encyrtidae) toward armored scale insects (diaspididae): untangling the effect of cryptic species on quantitative food webs |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2045-7758 |
publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Host specificity of parasitoids may be measured by various specialization indices to assess the variation of interaction strength among species and the structure of the wider interaction network. However, the conclusions from analyses at the species and network levels may differ, which remains poorly explored. In addition, the recovery of cryptic species of hosts and parasitoids with molecular data may affect the structure of inferred interaction links. We quantified host specificity of hymenopteran parasitoids (family Encyrtidae) on armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from a wide geographic sampling range across the Chinese Mainland based on both morphological and molecular species delimitation. Mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S markers detected high cryptic species diversity in the encyrtids and to a lesser degree in the diaspidids, which divided generalist morphospecies into complexes of specialists and generalists. One‐to‐one reciprocal host–parasite links were increased in the molecular data set, but different quantitative species‐level indices produced contrasting estimates of specificity from various one‐to‐multiple and multiple‐to‐multiple host–parasite links. Network indices calculated from DNA‐based species, compared to morphology‐based species definitions, showed lower connectance and generality, but greater specialization and compartmentalization of the interaction network. We conclude that a high degree of cryptic species in host–parasitoid systems refines the true network structure and may cause us overestimating the stability of these interaction webs. |
topic |
cryptic species food web structure host specificity molecular species delimitation specialization index |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4344 |
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