Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico
The use of pesticides in agricultural activities has increased significantly during the last decades. Several studies have reported the health damage that results from exposure to pesticides. In Mexico, hundreds of communities depend economically on agricultural activities. The participation of mino...
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doaj-eab322c0547a4e8aa057640640ccfdce2020-11-25T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012019-02-0116456210.3390/ijerph16040562ijerph16040562Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in MexicoErick Sierra-Diaz0Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa1Felipe Lozano-Kasten2Leonardo Trasande3Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano4Elena Sandoval-Pinto5Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez6Public Health Department, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44340, MexicoPublic Health Department, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44340, MexicoPublic Health Department, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44340, MexicoDepartments of Pediatrics, Environmental Medicine, and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USAPublic Health Department, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44340, MexicoPublic Health Department, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44340, MexicoCIESAS Occidente Conacyt, Av. España 1359, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44190, MexicoThe use of pesticides in agricultural activities has increased significantly during the last decades. Several studies have reported the health damage that results from exposure to pesticides. In Mexico, hundreds of communities depend economically on agricultural activities. The participation of minors in this type of activity and their exposure to pesticides represents a potential public health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which urine samples (first-morning urine) were taken from children under 15 years of age in both communities. A total of 281 urine samples obtained in both communities were processed for the determination of pesticides with high-performance liquid chromatography together with tandem mass spectrometry. In 100% of the samples, at least two pesticides of the 17 reported in the total samples were detected. The presence of malathion, metoxuron, and glyphosate was remarkable in more than 70% of the cases. Substantial differences were detected regarding the other compounds. It is necessary to carry out long-term studies to determine the damage to health resulting from this constant exposure and to inform the health authorities about the problem in order to implement preventive measures.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/4/562pesticide levelschildrenadolescentsagricultural activitiesbody fluidexposure |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Erick Sierra-Diaz Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa Felipe Lozano-Kasten Leonardo Trasande Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano Elena Sandoval-Pinto Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez |
spellingShingle |
Erick Sierra-Diaz Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa Felipe Lozano-Kasten Leonardo Trasande Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano Elena Sandoval-Pinto Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health pesticide levels children adolescents agricultural activities body fluid exposure |
author_facet |
Erick Sierra-Diaz Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa Felipe Lozano-Kasten Leonardo Trasande Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano Elena Sandoval-Pinto Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez |
author_sort |
Erick Sierra-Diaz |
title |
Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico |
title_short |
Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico |
title_full |
Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico |
title_fullStr |
Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico |
title_full_unstemmed |
Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico |
title_sort |
urinary pesticide levels in children and adolescents residing in two agricultural communities in mexico |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
The use of pesticides in agricultural activities has increased significantly during the last decades. Several studies have reported the health damage that results from exposure to pesticides. In Mexico, hundreds of communities depend economically on agricultural activities. The participation of minors in this type of activity and their exposure to pesticides represents a potential public health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which urine samples (first-morning urine) were taken from children under 15 years of age in both communities. A total of 281 urine samples obtained in both communities were processed for the determination of pesticides with high-performance liquid chromatography together with tandem mass spectrometry. In 100% of the samples, at least two pesticides of the 17 reported in the total samples were detected. The presence of malathion, metoxuron, and glyphosate was remarkable in more than 70% of the cases. Substantial differences were detected regarding the other compounds. It is necessary to carry out long-term studies to determine the damage to health resulting from this constant exposure and to inform the health authorities about the problem in order to implement preventive measures. |
topic |
pesticide levels children adolescents agricultural activities body fluid exposure |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/4/562 |
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