Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China
Abstract Background The waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cyclospora cayetanensis can cause intestinal diseases in humans. An understanding of their occurrence and transport in the environment is essential for accurate quantitative microbial r...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-01-01
|
Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04566-5 |
id |
doaj-eaf97928e48545e2af0e0db032e89e6e |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-eaf97928e48545e2af0e0db032e89e6e2021-01-24T12:10:38ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052021-01-0114111010.1186/s13071-020-04566-5Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, ChinaYingying Fan0Xinrui Wang1Ruohong Yang2Wentao Zhao3Na Li4Yaqiong Guo5Lihua Xiao6Yaoyu Feng7Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCenter for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cyclospora cayetanensis can cause intestinal diseases in humans. An understanding of their occurrence and transport in the environment is essential for accurate quantitative microbial risk assessment. Methods A total of 238 influent samples were collected from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 88 samples from eight sewer locations in Guangzhou, China. PCR-based tools were used to detect and genetically characterize Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi. Eimeria spp. and Cyclospora spp. were also analyzed to assess the sources of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi in wastewater. Results The overall occurrence rates in the WWTP and sewer samples were 14.3% (34/238) and 13.6% (12/88) for Cryptosporidium spp., 55.5% (132/238) and 33.0% (29/88) for G. duodenalis, 56.3% (134/238) and 26.1% (23/88) for E. bieneusi and 45.4% (108/238) and 47.7% (42/88) for Eimeria spp., respectively. Altogether, 11 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes, six G. duodenalis genotypes, 11 E. bieneusi genotypes and four C. cayetanensis were found, together with the presence of nine Eimeria species. The common occurrence of Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV, C. muris and Eimeria papillata and E. nieschulzi suggested that rodents were significant sources of the enteric pathogens detected in the wastewater samples. Conclusions While the dominant Cryptosporidium spp. detected in the raw wastewater sampled in this study are not pathogenic to humans, the widely detected G. duodenalis assemblage A and E. bieneusi genotypes D and Type IV are well-known zoonotic pathogens. Further studies are needed to monitor the occurrence of these waterborne pathogens in WWTPs to better understand their transmission and environmental transport in China.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04566-5CryptosporidiumGiardiaEnterocytozoon bieneusiEimeria/CyclosporaWastewaterSewer system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yingying Fan Xinrui Wang Ruohong Yang Wentao Zhao Na Li Yaqiong Guo Lihua Xiao Yaoyu Feng |
spellingShingle |
Yingying Fan Xinrui Wang Ruohong Yang Wentao Zhao Na Li Yaqiong Guo Lihua Xiao Yaoyu Feng Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China Parasites & Vectors Cryptosporidium Giardia Enterocytozoon bieneusi Eimeria/Cyclospora Wastewater Sewer system |
author_facet |
Yingying Fan Xinrui Wang Ruohong Yang Wentao Zhao Na Li Yaqiong Guo Lihua Xiao Yaoyu Feng |
author_sort |
Yingying Fan |
title |
Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China |
title_short |
Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China |
title_full |
Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China |
title_fullStr |
Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in Guangzhou, China |
title_sort |
molecular characterization of the waterborne pathogens cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, enterocytozoon bieneusi, cyclospora cayetanensis and eimeria spp. in wastewater and sewage in guangzhou, china |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cyclospora cayetanensis can cause intestinal diseases in humans. An understanding of their occurrence and transport in the environment is essential for accurate quantitative microbial risk assessment. Methods A total of 238 influent samples were collected from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 88 samples from eight sewer locations in Guangzhou, China. PCR-based tools were used to detect and genetically characterize Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi. Eimeria spp. and Cyclospora spp. were also analyzed to assess the sources of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi in wastewater. Results The overall occurrence rates in the WWTP and sewer samples were 14.3% (34/238) and 13.6% (12/88) for Cryptosporidium spp., 55.5% (132/238) and 33.0% (29/88) for G. duodenalis, 56.3% (134/238) and 26.1% (23/88) for E. bieneusi and 45.4% (108/238) and 47.7% (42/88) for Eimeria spp., respectively. Altogether, 11 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes, six G. duodenalis genotypes, 11 E. bieneusi genotypes and four C. cayetanensis were found, together with the presence of nine Eimeria species. The common occurrence of Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV, C. muris and Eimeria papillata and E. nieschulzi suggested that rodents were significant sources of the enteric pathogens detected in the wastewater samples. Conclusions While the dominant Cryptosporidium spp. detected in the raw wastewater sampled in this study are not pathogenic to humans, the widely detected G. duodenalis assemblage A and E. bieneusi genotypes D and Type IV are well-known zoonotic pathogens. Further studies are needed to monitor the occurrence of these waterborne pathogens in WWTPs to better understand their transmission and environmental transport in China. |
topic |
Cryptosporidium Giardia Enterocytozoon bieneusi Eimeria/Cyclospora Wastewater Sewer system |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04566-5 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT yingyingfan molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT xinruiwang molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT ruohongyang molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT wentaozhao molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT nali molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT yaqiongguo molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT lihuaxiao molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina AT yaoyufeng molecularcharacterizationofthewaterbornepathogenscryptosporidiumsppgiardiaduodenalisenterocytozoonbieneusicyclosporacayetanensisandeimeriasppinwastewaterandsewageinguangzhouchina |
_version_ |
1724326263953293312 |