Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiom...
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doaj-eb3860584ab04e539de12c0037093f4a2020-11-25T04:02:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-01218729872910.3390/ijms21228729Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of AtherosclerosisChih-Fan Yeh0Ying-Hsien Chen1Sheng-Fu Liu2Hsien-Li Kao3Ming-Shiang Wu4Kai-Chien Yang5Wei-Kai Wu6Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsin-Chu 30261, TaiwanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanInflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8729gut microbiotaatherosclerosisdysbiosisimmune systemmetabolites |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chih-Fan Yeh Ying-Hsien Chen Sheng-Fu Liu Hsien-Li Kao Ming-Shiang Wu Kai-Chien Yang Wei-Kai Wu |
spellingShingle |
Chih-Fan Yeh Ying-Hsien Chen Sheng-Fu Liu Hsien-Li Kao Ming-Shiang Wu Kai-Chien Yang Wei-Kai Wu Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences gut microbiota atherosclerosis dysbiosis immune system metabolites |
author_facet |
Chih-Fan Yeh Ying-Hsien Chen Sheng-Fu Liu Hsien-Li Kao Ming-Shiang Wu Kai-Chien Yang Wei-Kai Wu |
author_sort |
Chih-Fan Yeh |
title |
Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis |
title_short |
Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis |
title_full |
Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis |
title_fullStr |
Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis |
title_sort |
mutual interplay of host immune system and gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis. |
topic |
gut microbiota atherosclerosis dysbiosis immune system metabolites |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8729 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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