Searching for Potential Markers of Glomerulopathy in Urine by HS-SPME-GC×GC TOFMS

• Main Authors: Tomasz Ligor, Joanna Zawadzka, Grzegorz Strączyński, Rosa M. González Paredes, Anna Wenda-Piesik, Ileana Andreea Ratiu, Marek Muszytowski
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: volatile organic compounds; urine analysis; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; kidney diseases
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1817

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exiting in urine are potential biomarkers of chronic kidney diseases. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was applied for extraction VOCs over the urine samples. Volatile metabolites were separated and identified by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC TOF MS). Patients with glomerular diseases (<i>n</i> = 27) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 20) were recruited in the study. Different VOCs profiles were obtained from patients and control. Developed methodology offers the opportunity to examine the metabolic profile associated with glomerulopathy. Four compounds found in elevated amounts in the patients group, i.e., methyl hexadecanoate; 9-hexadecen-1-ol; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one and 2-pentanone were proposed as markers of glomerular diseases.