Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts
Objective: Total sperm count (TSC) has been declining worldwide over the last several decades due to unknown etiologies. Our aim was to model the contribution that the obesity epidemic may have on declining TSC. Materials and methods: Obesity rates were determined since 1973 using the WHO’s Global...
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2020-12-01
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doaj-eb601a85981b4720ae4887c7f56e8e042021-02-02T21:07:47ZengPAGEPress PublicationsArchivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia1124-35622282-41972020-12-0192410.4081/aiua.2020.4.357Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm countsAlex Kasman0Francesco Del Giudice1Eugene Shkolyar2Angelo Porreca3Gian Maria Busetto4Ying Lu5Michael L. Eisenberg6Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome; Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, RomeDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Urology, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme (PD)Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, RomeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, StanfordDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Objective: Total sperm count (TSC) has been declining worldwide over the last several decades due to unknown etiologies. Our aim was to model the contribution that the obesity epidemic may have on declining TSC. Materials and methods: Obesity rates were determined since 1973 using the WHO’s Global Health Observatory data. A literature review was performed to determine the association between TSC and obesity. Using the measured obesity rates and published TSC since 1973, a model was created to evaluate the association between temporal trends in obesity/temperature and sperm count. Results: Since 1973, obesity prevalence in the United States was increased from 41% to 67.9%. A review of the literature showed that body mass index (BMI) categories 2, 3, and 4 were associated with TSC (millions) of 164.27, 155.71, and 142.29, respectively. The contribution to change over time for obesity from 1974 to 2011 was modeled at 1.8%. When the model was changed to represent the most extreme possible contribution to obesity reported, the modeled change over time rose to 7.2%. When stratified according to fertility status, the contribution that BMI had to falling sperm counts for all comers was 1.7%, while those presenting for fertility evaluation was 2.1%. Conclusions: While the decline in TSC may be partially due to rising obesity rates, these contributions are minimal which highlights the complexity of this problem. https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/aiua/article/view/9357Obesity; Sperm count; Total sperm count; Semen analysis. |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alex Kasman Francesco Del Giudice Eugene Shkolyar Angelo Porreca Gian Maria Busetto Ying Lu Michael L. Eisenberg |
spellingShingle |
Alex Kasman Francesco Del Giudice Eugene Shkolyar Angelo Porreca Gian Maria Busetto Ying Lu Michael L. Eisenberg Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia Obesity; Sperm count; Total sperm count; Semen analysis. |
author_facet |
Alex Kasman Francesco Del Giudice Eugene Shkolyar Angelo Porreca Gian Maria Busetto Ying Lu Michael L. Eisenberg |
author_sort |
Alex Kasman |
title |
Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
title_short |
Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
title_full |
Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
title_fullStr |
Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
title_sort |
modeling the contribution of the obesity epidemic to the temporal decline in sperm counts |
publisher |
PAGEPress Publications |
series |
Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia |
issn |
1124-3562 2282-4197 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Objective: Total sperm count (TSC) has been declining worldwide over the last several decades due to unknown etiologies. Our aim was to model the contribution that the obesity epidemic may have on declining TSC. Materials and methods: Obesity rates were determined since 1973 using the WHO’s Global Health Observatory data. A literature review was performed to determine the association between TSC and obesity. Using the measured obesity rates and published TSC since 1973, a model was created to evaluate the association between temporal trends in obesity/temperature and sperm count. Results: Since 1973, obesity prevalence in the United States was increased from 41% to 67.9%. A review of the literature showed that body mass index (BMI) categories 2, 3, and 4 were associated with TSC (millions) of 164.27, 155.71, and 142.29, respectively. The contribution to change over time for obesity from 1974 to 2011 was modeled at 1.8%. When the model was changed to represent the most extreme possible contribution to obesity reported, the modeled change over time rose to 7.2%. When stratified according to fertility status, the contribution that BMI had to falling sperm counts for all comers was 1.7%, while those presenting for fertility evaluation was 2.1%. Conclusions: While the decline in TSC may be partially due to rising obesity rates, these contributions are minimal which highlights the complexity of this problem.
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topic |
Obesity; Sperm count; Total sperm count; Semen analysis. |
url |
https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/aiua/article/view/9357 |
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