Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic modifiers that play an important role in the regulation of the expression of genes across the genome. miRNAs are expressed in the placenta as well as other organs, and are involved in several biological processes including the regulation of trophoblast differentiati...
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doaj-eb60a57db3cf43acb61b741a056e97602020-12-25T05:10:14ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002020-01-01710461056Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placentaKezia A. Addo0Niharika Palakodety1Hadley J. Hartwell2Aishani Tingare3Rebecca C. Fry4Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USADepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USADepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USADepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USACurriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Corresponding author at: Campus Box #7431, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic modifiers that play an important role in the regulation of the expression of genes across the genome. miRNAs are expressed in the placenta as well as other organs, and are involved in several biological processes including the regulation of trophoblast differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cellular metabolism. Related to their role in disease process, miRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed between normal placentas and placentas obtained from women with pregnancy/health complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and obesity. This dysregulation indicates that miRNAs in the placenta likely play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases during pregnancy. Furthermore, miRNAs in the placenta are susceptible to altered expression in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants. With relevance to the placenta, the dysregulation of miRNAs in both placenta and blood has been associated with maternal exposures to several toxicants. In this review, we provide a summary of miRNAs that have been assessed in the context of human pregnancy-related diseases and in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants in the placenta. Where data are available, miRNAs are discussed in their context as biomarkers of exposure and/or disease, with comparisons made across-tissue types, and conservation across studies detailed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750020303644microRNAPlacentaEpigeneticPrenatalMaternal |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kezia A. Addo Niharika Palakodety Hadley J. Hartwell Aishani Tingare Rebecca C. Fry |
spellingShingle |
Kezia A. Addo Niharika Palakodety Hadley J. Hartwell Aishani Tingare Rebecca C. Fry Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta Toxicology Reports microRNA Placenta Epigenetic Prenatal Maternal |
author_facet |
Kezia A. Addo Niharika Palakodety Hadley J. Hartwell Aishani Tingare Rebecca C. Fry |
author_sort |
Kezia A. Addo |
title |
Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
title_short |
Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
title_full |
Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
title_fullStr |
Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
title_full_unstemmed |
Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
title_sort |
placental micrornas: responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Toxicology Reports |
issn |
2214-7500 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic modifiers that play an important role in the regulation of the expression of genes across the genome. miRNAs are expressed in the placenta as well as other organs, and are involved in several biological processes including the regulation of trophoblast differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cellular metabolism. Related to their role in disease process, miRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed between normal placentas and placentas obtained from women with pregnancy/health complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and obesity. This dysregulation indicates that miRNAs in the placenta likely play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases during pregnancy. Furthermore, miRNAs in the placenta are susceptible to altered expression in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants. With relevance to the placenta, the dysregulation of miRNAs in both placenta and blood has been associated with maternal exposures to several toxicants. In this review, we provide a summary of miRNAs that have been assessed in the context of human pregnancy-related diseases and in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants in the placenta. Where data are available, miRNAs are discussed in their context as biomarkers of exposure and/or disease, with comparisons made across-tissue types, and conservation across studies detailed. |
topic |
microRNA Placenta Epigenetic Prenatal Maternal |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750020303644 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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