Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species
Stem-end rot (SER) is one of the most destructive postharvest diseases affecting some tropical and sub-tropical fruits. The disease is caused by several fungal pathogens, including Botryosphaeriaceae species. In mango, <em>Dothiorella dominicana, D. mangiferae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phomop...
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Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2020-11-01
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doaj-eb6adf6548a5422d980e0bd95937d5092021-09-20T15:23:31ZengFaculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri LankaCeylon Journal of Science2513-28142513-230X2020-11-0149532733610.4038/cjs.v49i5.78005825Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit speciesK. O. L. C. Karunanayake0N. K. B. Adikaram1The Open University of Sri LankaNational Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000Stem-end rot (SER) is one of the most destructive postharvest diseases affecting some tropical and sub-tropical fruits. The disease is caused by several fungal pathogens, including Botryosphaeriaceae species. In mango, <em>Dothiorella dominicana, D. mangiferae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phomopsis mangiferae, Cytosphaera mangiferae, Pestalotiopsis</em> sp. endophytically colonize the inflorescence in the orchard or field. Fungi may occur endophytically in the stem tissue of the trees prior to inflorescence emergence. During the endophytic stage, the fungi colonize the phloem and xylem at stem-end and, after fruit ripening, some fungi become necrotrophic and colonize the fruit pulp causing SER. The SER pathogens in other fruit species, including ripe avocado or papaya, are not known to undergo an endophytic phase. Stem-end rot is a disease that is difficult to control. Preharvest cultural practices and selection of resistant varieties are beneficial to reduce field infections. Studies have shown that numerous control options, involving cultural, chemical (fungicides, essential oils) and biological approaches, are available to manage SER through either direct inhibition of fungi or induction of host defenses. These may be used individually or integrated manner. The most common and effective practice for controlling the SER is pre- and postharvest application of synthetic fungicides. With the new tools that are currently available, and expected to emerge, there is a possibility of a better understanding the host–pathogen or host-microbiota interactions within the stem-end region, leading to newer technologies as alternatives to toxic synthetic fungicides for the management of SER in fruits.https://cjs.sljol.info/articles/7800postharvest disease, lasiodiplodia theobromae, neofusicoccum parvum, endophytic fungi, host-microbiota |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
K. O. L. C. Karunanayake N. K. B. Adikaram |
spellingShingle |
K. O. L. C. Karunanayake N. K. B. Adikaram Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species Ceylon Journal of Science postharvest disease, lasiodiplodia theobromae, neofusicoccum parvum, endophytic fungi, host-microbiota |
author_facet |
K. O. L. C. Karunanayake N. K. B. Adikaram |
author_sort |
K. O. L. C. Karunanayake |
title |
Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
title_short |
Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
title_full |
Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
title_fullStr |
Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
title_sort |
stem-end rot in major tropical and sub-tropical fruit species |
publisher |
Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka |
series |
Ceylon Journal of Science |
issn |
2513-2814 2513-230X |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Stem-end rot (SER) is one of the most destructive postharvest diseases affecting some tropical and sub-tropical fruits. The disease is caused by several fungal pathogens, including Botryosphaeriaceae species. In mango, <em>Dothiorella dominicana, D. mangiferae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phomopsis mangiferae, Cytosphaera mangiferae, Pestalotiopsis</em> sp. endophytically colonize the inflorescence in the orchard or field. Fungi may occur endophytically in the stem tissue of the trees prior to inflorescence emergence. During the endophytic stage, the fungi colonize the phloem and xylem at stem-end and, after fruit ripening, some fungi become necrotrophic and colonize the fruit pulp causing SER. The SER pathogens in other fruit species, including ripe avocado or papaya, are not known to undergo an endophytic phase. Stem-end rot is a disease that is difficult to control. Preharvest cultural practices and selection of resistant varieties are beneficial to reduce field infections. Studies have shown that numerous control options, involving cultural, chemical (fungicides, essential oils) and biological approaches, are available to manage SER through either direct inhibition of fungi or induction of host defenses. These may be used individually or integrated manner. The most common and effective practice for controlling the SER is pre- and postharvest application of synthetic fungicides. With the new tools that are currently available, and expected to emerge, there is a possibility of a better understanding the host–pathogen or host-microbiota interactions within the stem-end region, leading to newer technologies as alternatives to toxic synthetic fungicides for the management of SER in fruits. |
topic |
postharvest disease, lasiodiplodia theobromae, neofusicoccum parvum, endophytic fungi, host-microbiota |
url |
https://cjs.sljol.info/articles/7800 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT kolckarunanayake stemendrotinmajortropicalandsubtropicalfruitspecies AT nkbadikaram stemendrotinmajortropicalandsubtropicalfruitspecies |
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