Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery
Objectives: The primary aim was to measure the volume of the scala tympani (ST) and the length of the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn from micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. The secondary aim was to estimate the electrode insertion force based on cochlear size and insertion speed. B...
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doaj-eb8033f7a08140f39e0fecf1df36d3c32021-09-30T06:10:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2021-09-01810.3389/fsurg.2021.723897723897Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant SurgeryAnandhan Dhanasingh0Anandhan Dhanasingh1Chloe Swords2Manohar Bance3Vincent Van Rompaey4Vincent Van Rompaey5Paul Van de Heyning6Paul Van de Heyning7Research and Development Department, MED-EL, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Physiology, Development and Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumObjectives: The primary aim was to measure the volume of the scala tympani (ST) and the length of the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn from micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. The secondary aim was to estimate the electrode insertion force based on cochlear size and insertion speed. Both of these objectives have a direct clinical relevance in robotic assisted cochlear implant (CI) surgery.Methods: The ST was segmented in thirty μCT datasets to create a three-dimensional (3D) model and calculate the ST volume. The diameter (A-value), the width (B-value), and the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn (S-value) were measured from the oblique coronal plane. Electrode insertion force was measured in ST models of two different sizes, by inserting FLEX24 (24 mm) and FLEX28 (28 mm) electrode arrays at five different speeds (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mm/s).Results: The mean A-, B-, and S-values measured from the 30 μCT datasets were 9.0 ± 0.5, 6.7 ± 0.4, and 6.9 mm ± 0.5, respectively. The mean ST volume was 34.2 μl ± 7 (range 23–50 μl). The ST volume increased linearly with an increase in A- and B-values (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.55 and 0.56, respectively). The A-value exhibited linear positive correlation with the B-value and S-value (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.64 and r = 0.66, respectively). In the smaller of the two ST models, insertion forces were higher across the range of insertion speeds during both array insertions, when compared to the upscaled model. Before the maximum electrode insertion depths, a trend toward lower insertion force for lower insertion speed and vice-versa was observed.Conclusion: It is important to determine pre-operative cochlear size as this seems to have an effect upon electrode insertion forces. Higher insertion forces were seen in a smaller sized ST model across two electrode array lengths, as compared to an upscaled larger model. The ST volume, which cannot be visualized on clinical CT, correlates with clinical cochlear parameters. This enabled the creation of an equation capable of predicting ST volume utilizing A- and B-values, thus enabling pre-operative prediction of ST volume.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.723897/fullscala tympani volumecochlear sizeelectrode insertion speedelectrode insertion forcerobot assisted surgery |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anandhan Dhanasingh Anandhan Dhanasingh Chloe Swords Manohar Bance Vincent Van Rompaey Vincent Van Rompaey Paul Van de Heyning Paul Van de Heyning |
spellingShingle |
Anandhan Dhanasingh Anandhan Dhanasingh Chloe Swords Manohar Bance Vincent Van Rompaey Vincent Van Rompaey Paul Van de Heyning Paul Van de Heyning Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery Frontiers in Surgery scala tympani volume cochlear size electrode insertion speed electrode insertion force robot assisted surgery |
author_facet |
Anandhan Dhanasingh Anandhan Dhanasingh Chloe Swords Manohar Bance Vincent Van Rompaey Vincent Van Rompaey Paul Van de Heyning Paul Van de Heyning |
author_sort |
Anandhan Dhanasingh |
title |
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery |
title_short |
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery |
title_full |
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery |
title_fullStr |
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery |
title_sort |
cochlear size assessment predicts scala tympani volume and electrode insertion force- implications in robotic assisted cochlear implant surgery |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Surgery |
issn |
2296-875X |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Objectives: The primary aim was to measure the volume of the scala tympani (ST) and the length of the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn from micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. The secondary aim was to estimate the electrode insertion force based on cochlear size and insertion speed. Both of these objectives have a direct clinical relevance in robotic assisted cochlear implant (CI) surgery.Methods: The ST was segmented in thirty μCT datasets to create a three-dimensional (3D) model and calculate the ST volume. The diameter (A-value), the width (B-value), and the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn (S-value) were measured from the oblique coronal plane. Electrode insertion force was measured in ST models of two different sizes, by inserting FLEX24 (24 mm) and FLEX28 (28 mm) electrode arrays at five different speeds (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mm/s).Results: The mean A-, B-, and S-values measured from the 30 μCT datasets were 9.0 ± 0.5, 6.7 ± 0.4, and 6.9 mm ± 0.5, respectively. The mean ST volume was 34.2 μl ± 7 (range 23–50 μl). The ST volume increased linearly with an increase in A- and B-values (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.55 and 0.56, respectively). The A-value exhibited linear positive correlation with the B-value and S-value (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.64 and r = 0.66, respectively). In the smaller of the two ST models, insertion forces were higher across the range of insertion speeds during both array insertions, when compared to the upscaled model. Before the maximum electrode insertion depths, a trend toward lower insertion force for lower insertion speed and vice-versa was observed.Conclusion: It is important to determine pre-operative cochlear size as this seems to have an effect upon electrode insertion forces. Higher insertion forces were seen in a smaller sized ST model across two electrode array lengths, as compared to an upscaled larger model. The ST volume, which cannot be visualized on clinical CT, correlates with clinical cochlear parameters. This enabled the creation of an equation capable of predicting ST volume utilizing A- and B-values, thus enabling pre-operative prediction of ST volume. |
topic |
scala tympani volume cochlear size electrode insertion speed electrode insertion force robot assisted surgery |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.723897/full |
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