Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus
Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like its parental strain called VZV pOka, the vaccine virus vOka retains some neurotropic properties. To better understand vOka neuropathogenesis, we reassessed 12 published cases of vOka meningitis that occurred in once-immunized...
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doaj-ebcc9e07a69546969b46ff997b22fc592020-11-25T03:27:53ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-09-01121078107810.3390/v12101078Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine VirusEthan H. Heusel0Charles Grose1Virology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAVirology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAVaricella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like its parental strain called VZV pOka, the vaccine virus vOka retains some neurotropic properties. To better understand vOka neuropathogenesis, we reassessed 12 published cases of vOka meningitis that occurred in once-immunized and twice-immunized children, all of whom had bouts of herpes zoster preceding the central nervous system infection. Eight of the 12 meningitis cases occurred in children who had received only one immunization. There was no pattern to the time interval between varicella vaccination and the onset of herpes zoster with meningitis. Four of the meningitis cases occurred in children who had received two immunizations. Since all four children were 14 years old when meningitis was diagnosed, there was a strong pattern to the interval between the first vaccination at age 1 year and onset of meningitis, namely, 13 years. Knowledge of pathogenesis requires knowledge of the location of herpes zoster; the majority of dermatomal rashes occurred at sites of primary immunization on the arm or thigh, while herpes zoster ophthalmicus was uncommon. Based on this literature review, currently there is no consensus as to the cause of varicella vaccine meningitis in twice-immunized children.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1078varicella-zoster virusherpes zosterherpes vaccineVZV gCviral meningitislatency |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ethan H. Heusel Charles Grose |
spellingShingle |
Ethan H. Heusel Charles Grose Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus Viruses varicella-zoster virus herpes zoster herpes vaccine VZV gC viral meningitis latency |
author_facet |
Ethan H. Heusel Charles Grose |
author_sort |
Ethan H. Heusel |
title |
Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus |
title_short |
Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus |
title_full |
Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus |
title_fullStr |
Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus |
title_sort |
twelve children with varicella vaccine meningitis: neuropathogenesis of reactivated live attenuated varicella vaccine virus |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like its parental strain called VZV pOka, the vaccine virus vOka retains some neurotropic properties. To better understand vOka neuropathogenesis, we reassessed 12 published cases of vOka meningitis that occurred in once-immunized and twice-immunized children, all of whom had bouts of herpes zoster preceding the central nervous system infection. Eight of the 12 meningitis cases occurred in children who had received only one immunization. There was no pattern to the time interval between varicella vaccination and the onset of herpes zoster with meningitis. Four of the meningitis cases occurred in children who had received two immunizations. Since all four children were 14 years old when meningitis was diagnosed, there was a strong pattern to the interval between the first vaccination at age 1 year and onset of meningitis, namely, 13 years. Knowledge of pathogenesis requires knowledge of the location of herpes zoster; the majority of dermatomal rashes occurred at sites of primary immunization on the arm or thigh, while herpes zoster ophthalmicus was uncommon. Based on this literature review, currently there is no consensus as to the cause of varicella vaccine meningitis in twice-immunized children. |
topic |
varicella-zoster virus herpes zoster herpes vaccine VZV gC viral meningitis latency |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1078 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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