Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments
A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that nonmotor symptoms, especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions, could be considered as ear...
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doaj-ec0a8c8f4d9143d3892f482217d06eb02020-11-24T21:55:37ZengHindawi LimitedParkinson's Disease2090-80832042-00802016-01-01201610.1155/2016/67625286762528Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and TreatmentsAndrée-Anne Poirier0Benoit Aubé1Mélissa Côté2Nicolas Morin3Thérèse Di Paolo4Denis Soulet5Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, CanadaAxe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, CanadaAxe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, CanadaFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, CanadaAxe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, CanadaAxe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, CanadaA diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that nonmotor symptoms, especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions, could be considered as early biomarkers since they are ubiquitously found among confirmed patients and occur much earlier than their motor manifestations. According to Braak’s hypothesis, the disease is postulated to originate in the intestine and then spread to the brain via the vagus nerve, a phenomenon that would involve other neuronal types than the well-established dopaminergic population. It has therefore been proposed that peripheral nondopaminergic impairments might precede the alteration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and, ultimately, the emergence of motor symptoms. Considering the growing interest in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease, this review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the multiple gastrointestinal features of the disease, along with the therapeutic approaches used to reduce their burden. Moreover, we highlight the importance of gastrointestinal symptoms with respect to the patients’ responses towards medical treatments and discuss the various possible adverse interactions that can potentially occur, which are still poorly understood.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6762528 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Andrée-Anne Poirier Benoit Aubé Mélissa Côté Nicolas Morin Thérèse Di Paolo Denis Soulet |
spellingShingle |
Andrée-Anne Poirier Benoit Aubé Mélissa Côté Nicolas Morin Thérèse Di Paolo Denis Soulet Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments Parkinson's Disease |
author_facet |
Andrée-Anne Poirier Benoit Aubé Mélissa Côté Nicolas Morin Thérèse Di Paolo Denis Soulet |
author_sort |
Andrée-Anne Poirier |
title |
Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments |
title_short |
Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments |
title_full |
Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments |
title_fullStr |
Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments |
title_sort |
gastrointestinal dysfunctions in parkinson’s disease: symptoms and treatments |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Parkinson's Disease |
issn |
2090-8083 2042-0080 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that nonmotor symptoms, especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions, could be considered as early biomarkers since they are ubiquitously found among confirmed patients and occur much earlier than their motor manifestations. According to Braak’s hypothesis, the disease is postulated to originate in the intestine and then spread to the brain via the vagus nerve, a phenomenon that would involve other neuronal types than the well-established dopaminergic population. It has therefore been proposed that peripheral nondopaminergic impairments might precede the alteration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and, ultimately, the emergence of motor symptoms. Considering the growing interest in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease, this review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the multiple gastrointestinal features of the disease, along with the therapeutic approaches used to reduce their burden. Moreover, we highlight the importance of gastrointestinal symptoms with respect to the patients’ responses towards medical treatments and discuss the various possible adverse interactions that can potentially occur, which are still poorly understood. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6762528 |
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