Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>
<i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its ph...
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doaj-ec0beee0bff04ed3bd7dc912e044e54e2021-04-20T23:01:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01262384238410.3390/molecules26082384Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>Hamdoon A. Mohammed0Mohsen S. Al-Omar1Salman A. A. Mohammed2Ahmad H. Alhowail3Hussein M. Eldeeb4Mohammed S. M. Sajid5Essam M. Abd-Elmoniem6Osama A. Alghulayqeh7Yasser I. Kandil8Riaz A. Khan9Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi ArabiaBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, EgyptDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia<i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of <i>S. cyclophylla</i> 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2<sup>+</sup>-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC<sub>50</sub> at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC<sub>50</sub> 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (<i>p</i> = 0.03), 87.50% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 99.66% (<i>p</i> = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), 34.51% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and 24.82% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2384<i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>halophytetrace elementsLC-MSanti-oxidantanti-inflammatory |
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language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hamdoon A. Mohammed Mohsen S. Al-Omar Salman A. A. Mohammed Ahmad H. Alhowail Hussein M. Eldeeb Mohammed S. M. Sajid Essam M. Abd-Elmoniem Osama A. Alghulayqeh Yasser I. Kandil Riaz A. Khan |
spellingShingle |
Hamdoon A. Mohammed Mohsen S. Al-Omar Salman A. A. Mohammed Ahmad H. Alhowail Hussein M. Eldeeb Mohammed S. M. Sajid Essam M. Abd-Elmoniem Osama A. Alghulayqeh Yasser I. Kandil Riaz A. Khan Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> Molecules <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> halophyte trace elements LC-MS anti-oxidant anti-inflammatory |
author_facet |
Hamdoon A. Mohammed Mohsen S. Al-Omar Salman A. A. Mohammed Ahmad H. Alhowail Hussein M. Eldeeb Mohammed S. M. Sajid Essam M. Abd-Elmoniem Osama A. Alghulayqeh Yasser I. Kandil Riaz A. Khan |
author_sort |
Hamdoon A. Mohammed |
title |
Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> |
title_short |
Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> |
title_full |
Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> |
title_fullStr |
Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, <i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> |
title_sort |
phytochemical analysis, pharmacological and safety evaluations of halophytic plant, <i>salsola cyclophylla</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
<i>Salsola cyclophylla</i>, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of <i>S. cyclophylla</i> 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2<sup>+</sup>-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC<sub>50</sub> at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC<sub>50</sub> 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (<i>p</i> = 0.03), 87.50% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 99.66% (<i>p</i> = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), 34.51% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and 24.82% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities. |
topic |
<i>Salsola cyclophylla</i> halophyte trace elements LC-MS anti-oxidant anti-inflammatory |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2384 |
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