Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults
Abstract Background Although individual macronutrients were studied in relation to mental health, no information exist about the association between adherence to low carbohydrate diet and psychological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the association between adherence to a low carb...
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doaj-ec395d9a21514a83b080537bf897f1702020-12-27T12:09:13ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912019-12-011811910.1186/s12937-019-0513-8Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adultsSoraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan0Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli1Hamid Afshar2Ahmad Esmaillzadeh3Peyman Adibi4Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medicine, University of AlbertaPsychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesIntegrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Although individual macronutrients were studied in relation to mental health, no information exist about the association between adherence to low carbohydrate diet and psychological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders among Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study on 3362 adult men and women, dietary intakes were examined by the use of a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score was computed for each participant based on deciles of percentages of energy from macronutrients. Then the scores of carbohydrate, protein and fat intake for each participant were summed up to achieve the overall LCD score, which ranged from 3 (highest carbohydrate intake and lowest fat and protein intakes) to 30 (lowest carbohydrate intake and highest fat and protein intakes). Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were assessed by validated Iranian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12. Results Prevalence of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in the whole population were 28.0, 13.3 and 22.6%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of depression, anxiety and psychological distress across different quartiles of LCD score. After controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was seen between LCD score and prevalence of depression (OR for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of LCD score: (1.15; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.39). Consumption of LCD was not also associated with increased risk of anxiety (0.82; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.14) and psychological distress (0.92; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.16). These associations did not alter when the analyses were done stratified by gender or BMI status. Conclusion Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet, which contains high amount of fat and proteins but low amounts of carbohydrates, was not associated with increased odds of psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and psychological distress. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study which cannot reflect causal relationships, longitudinal studies, focusing on types of macronutrients, are required to clarify this association.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0513-8Low carbohydrate dietPsychological disordersFFQCross-sectional |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli Hamid Afshar Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Peyman Adibi |
spellingShingle |
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli Hamid Afshar Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Peyman Adibi Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults Nutrition Journal Low carbohydrate diet Psychological disorders FFQ Cross-sectional |
author_facet |
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli Hamid Afshar Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Peyman Adibi |
author_sort |
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan |
title |
Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
title_short |
Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
title_full |
Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
title_fullStr |
Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
title_sort |
adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Nutrition Journal |
issn |
1475-2891 |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Although individual macronutrients were studied in relation to mental health, no information exist about the association between adherence to low carbohydrate diet and psychological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders among Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study on 3362 adult men and women, dietary intakes were examined by the use of a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score was computed for each participant based on deciles of percentages of energy from macronutrients. Then the scores of carbohydrate, protein and fat intake for each participant were summed up to achieve the overall LCD score, which ranged from 3 (highest carbohydrate intake and lowest fat and protein intakes) to 30 (lowest carbohydrate intake and highest fat and protein intakes). Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were assessed by validated Iranian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12. Results Prevalence of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in the whole population were 28.0, 13.3 and 22.6%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of depression, anxiety and psychological distress across different quartiles of LCD score. After controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was seen between LCD score and prevalence of depression (OR for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of LCD score: (1.15; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.39). Consumption of LCD was not also associated with increased risk of anxiety (0.82; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.14) and psychological distress (0.92; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.16). These associations did not alter when the analyses were done stratified by gender or BMI status. Conclusion Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet, which contains high amount of fat and proteins but low amounts of carbohydrates, was not associated with increased odds of psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and psychological distress. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study which cannot reflect causal relationships, longitudinal studies, focusing on types of macronutrients, are required to clarify this association. |
topic |
Low carbohydrate diet Psychological disorders FFQ Cross-sectional |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0513-8 |
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