Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with metastasis of newly diagnosed CRC reported in a large proportion of patients. However, the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGE) on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we examined the...
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doaj-ec72ef5bc0a14b48ae419e90f0ed9c2d2020-11-25T02:46:36ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532018-07-01423288297Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancerEui Joo Kim0Kwang An Kwon1Young Eun Lee2Ju Hyun Kim3Se-Hee Kim4Jung Ho Kim5Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of KoreaGachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Namdong-daero 774, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, South Korea.Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with metastasis of newly diagnosed CRC reported in a large proportion of patients. However, the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGE) on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms by which KRGE regulates EMT of CRC in hypoxic conditions. Methods: Human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116 were incubated under hypoxic (1% oxygen) and normoxic (21% oxygen) conditions. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression of EMT markers in the presence of KRGE. Furthermore, we performed scratched wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays to monitor whether KRGE affects migratory and invasive abilities of CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. Results: KRGE-treated HT29 and HCT116 cells displayed attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression under hypoxic conditions. KRGE repressed Snail, Slug, and Twist mRNA expression and integrin αVβ6 protein levels. Furthermore, hypoxia-repressed E-cadherin was restored in KRGE-treated cells; KRGE blocked the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in hypoxia. Conclusions: KRGE inhibits hypoxia-induced EMT by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer cells. Keywords: colon cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia-inducible factors, Korean Red Ginseng extract, Panax ginseng Meyerhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531630121X |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eui Joo Kim Kwang An Kwon Young Eun Lee Ju Hyun Kim Se-Hee Kim Jung Ho Kim |
spellingShingle |
Eui Joo Kim Kwang An Kwon Young Eun Lee Ju Hyun Kim Se-Hee Kim Jung Ho Kim Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer Journal of Ginseng Research |
author_facet |
Eui Joo Kim Kwang An Kwon Young Eun Lee Ju Hyun Kim Se-Hee Kim Jung Ho Kim |
author_sort |
Eui Joo Kim |
title |
Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
title_short |
Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
title_full |
Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
title_fullStr |
Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Korean Red Ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
title_sort |
korean red ginseng extract reduces hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing nf-κb and erk1/2 pathways in colon cancer |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Ginseng Research |
issn |
1226-8453 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with metastasis of newly diagnosed CRC reported in a large proportion of patients. However, the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGE) on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms by which KRGE regulates EMT of CRC in hypoxic conditions. Methods: Human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116 were incubated under hypoxic (1% oxygen) and normoxic (21% oxygen) conditions. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression of EMT markers in the presence of KRGE. Furthermore, we performed scratched wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays to monitor whether KRGE affects migratory and invasive abilities of CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. Results: KRGE-treated HT29 and HCT116 cells displayed attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression under hypoxic conditions. KRGE repressed Snail, Slug, and Twist mRNA expression and integrin αVβ6 protein levels. Furthermore, hypoxia-repressed E-cadherin was restored in KRGE-treated cells; KRGE blocked the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in hypoxia. Conclusions: KRGE inhibits hypoxia-induced EMT by repressing NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways in colon cancer cells. Keywords: colon cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia-inducible factors, Korean Red Ginseng extract, Panax ginseng Meyer |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531630121X |
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