The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of <i>A. melanocarpa</i> on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Moreover, the bioactive constituents in the extract were determined using LC/MS and HPLC analyses. The dried fruits o...
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doaj-ecb80435c9ce46aaaf78d2fd6d40be5f2020-11-25T03:08:25ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01121575157510.3390/nu12061575The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract ConditionsNa-Hyun Kim0Jonghwan Jegal1Yun Na Kim2Jeong-Doo Heo3Jung-Rae Rho4Min Hye Yang5Eun Ju Jeong6Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52834, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, KoreaGyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52834, KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, KoreaThis study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of <i>A. melanocarpa</i> on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Moreover, the bioactive constituents in the extract were determined using LC/MS and HPLC analyses. The dried fruits of <i>A. melanocarpa </i>were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) under different extract conditions (temperature, 30 C or 100 C; extract solvent, 60% or 100% ethanol) to yield four extracts (T1~T4). Of the four <i>A. melanocarpa</i> extracts, T1 extracted under the condition of 100% ethanol/low temperature (30 C) exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity on TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The administration of T1 (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) for six weeks attenuated TP-induced prostate enlargement and reduced the levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-reductase in both serum and prostate tissue. The suppression of PCNA mRNA expression in prostate tissue was remarkable in T1-treated rats. In LC/MS analysis, the levels of main anthocyanins and phenolics were significantly higher in T1 than in the other extracts. Furthermore, the quantitative study showed that the contents of cyanidin-3-glucose and cyanidin-3-xylose in T1 exhibited 1.27~1.67 and 1.10~1.26 folds higher compared to those in the other extracts. These findings demonstrated that <i>A. melanocarpa</i> extract containing anthocyanins as bioactive constituents attenuated the development of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia, and suggested that this extract has therapeutic potential to treat prostate enlargement and BPH.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1575<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>benign prostatic hyperplasia5-alpha-reductasetestosteroneandrogen receptorconstituents |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Na-Hyun Kim Jonghwan Jegal Yun Na Kim Jeong-Doo Heo Jung-Rae Rho Min Hye Yang Eun Ju Jeong |
spellingShingle |
Na-Hyun Kim Jonghwan Jegal Yun Na Kim Jeong-Doo Heo Jung-Rae Rho Min Hye Yang Eun Ju Jeong The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions Nutrients <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> benign prostatic hyperplasia 5-alpha-reductase testosterone androgen receptor constituents |
author_facet |
Na-Hyun Kim Jonghwan Jegal Yun Na Kim Jeong-Doo Heo Jung-Rae Rho Min Hye Yang Eun Ju Jeong |
author_sort |
Na-Hyun Kim |
title |
The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions |
title_short |
The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions |
title_full |
The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions |
title_sort |
effects of <i>aronia melanocarpa</i> extract on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats, and quantitative analysis of major constituents depending on extract conditions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of <i>A. melanocarpa</i> on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Moreover, the bioactive constituents in the extract were determined using LC/MS and HPLC analyses. The dried fruits of <i>A. melanocarpa </i>were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) under different extract conditions (temperature, 30 C or 100 C; extract solvent, 60% or 100% ethanol) to yield four extracts (T1~T4). Of the four <i>A. melanocarpa</i> extracts, T1 extracted under the condition of 100% ethanol/low temperature (30 C) exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity on TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The administration of T1 (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) for six weeks attenuated TP-induced prostate enlargement and reduced the levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-reductase in both serum and prostate tissue. The suppression of PCNA mRNA expression in prostate tissue was remarkable in T1-treated rats. In LC/MS analysis, the levels of main anthocyanins and phenolics were significantly higher in T1 than in the other extracts. Furthermore, the quantitative study showed that the contents of cyanidin-3-glucose and cyanidin-3-xylose in T1 exhibited 1.27~1.67 and 1.10~1.26 folds higher compared to those in the other extracts. These findings demonstrated that <i>A. melanocarpa</i> extract containing anthocyanins as bioactive constituents attenuated the development of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia, and suggested that this extract has therapeutic potential to treat prostate enlargement and BPH. |
topic |
<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> benign prostatic hyperplasia 5-alpha-reductase testosterone androgen receptor constituents |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1575 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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