Effectiveness and Timing of Vaccination during School Measles Outbreak

• Main Authors: Axel Antonio Bonačić Marinović, Corien Swaan, Ole Wichmann, Jim van Steenbergen, Mirjam Kretzschmar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012-09-01
• Series: Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Subjects: measles; vaccination; outbreak response; schools; stochastic model; intervention
• Online Access: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/9/11-1578_article

Despite high vaccination coverage in most European countries, large community outbreaks of measles do occur, normally clustered around schools and resulting from suboptimal vaccination coverage. To determine whether or when it is worth implementing outbreak-response vaccination campaigns in schools, we used stochastic outbreak models to reproduce a public school outbreak in Germany, where no vaccination campaign was implemented. We assumed 2 scenarios covering the baseline vaccination ratio range (91.3%–94.3%) estimated for that school and computed outbreaks assuming various vaccination delays. In one scenario, reacting (i.e., implementing outbreak-response vaccination campaigns) within 12–24 days avoided large outbreaks and reacting within 50 days reduced outbreak size. In the other scenario, reacting within 6–14 days avoided large outbreaks and reacting within 40 days reduced the outbreak size. These are realistic time frames for implementing school outbreak response vaccination campaigns. High baseline vaccination ratios extended the time needed for effective response.