Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies.
<h4>Background</h4>Self-harm entails high costs to individuals and society in terms of suicide risk, morbidity and healthcare expenditure. Repetition of self-harm confers yet higher risk of suicide and risk assessment of self-harm patients forms a key component of the health care managem...
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doaj-ed79669217fe40838cb398038f48fc582021-03-04T10:01:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0191e8428210.1371/journal.pone.0084282Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies.Celine LarkinZelda Di BlasiElla Arensman<h4>Background</h4>Self-harm entails high costs to individuals and society in terms of suicide risk, morbidity and healthcare expenditure. Repetition of self-harm confers yet higher risk of suicide and risk assessment of self-harm patients forms a key component of the health care management of self-harm patients. To date, there has been no systematic review published which synthesises the extensive evidence on risk factors for repetition.<h4>Objective</h4>This review is intended to identify risk factors for prospective repetition of self-harm after an index self-harm presentation, irrespective of suicidal intent.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed, PsychInfo and Scirus were used to search for relevant publications. We included cohort studies which examining factors associated with prospective repetition among those presenting with self-harm to emergency departments. Journal articles, abstracts, letters and theses in any language published up to June 2012 were considered. Studies were quality-assessed and synthesised in narrative form.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 129 studies, including 329,001 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Some factors were studied extensively and were found to have a consistent association with repetition. These included previous self-harm, personality disorder, hopelessness, history of psychiatric treatment, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, and living alone. However, the sensitivity values of these measures varied greatly across studies. Psychological risk factors and protective factors have been relatively under-researched but show emerging associations with repetition. Composite risk scales tended to have high sensitivity but poor specificity.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Many risk factors for repetition of self-harm match risk factors for initiation of self-harm, but the most consistent evidence for increased risk of repetition comes from long-standing psychosocial vulnerabilities, rather than characteristics of an index episode. The current review will enhance prediction of self-harm and assist in the efficient allocation of intervention resources.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465400/pdf/?tool=EBI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Celine Larkin Zelda Di Blasi Ella Arensman |
spellingShingle |
Celine Larkin Zelda Di Blasi Ella Arensman Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Celine Larkin Zelda Di Blasi Ella Arensman |
author_sort |
Celine Larkin |
title |
Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
title_short |
Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
title_full |
Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
title_fullStr |
Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
title_sort |
risk factors for repetition of self-harm: a systematic review of prospective hospital-based studies. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2014-01-01 |
description |
<h4>Background</h4>Self-harm entails high costs to individuals and society in terms of suicide risk, morbidity and healthcare expenditure. Repetition of self-harm confers yet higher risk of suicide and risk assessment of self-harm patients forms a key component of the health care management of self-harm patients. To date, there has been no systematic review published which synthesises the extensive evidence on risk factors for repetition.<h4>Objective</h4>This review is intended to identify risk factors for prospective repetition of self-harm after an index self-harm presentation, irrespective of suicidal intent.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed, PsychInfo and Scirus were used to search for relevant publications. We included cohort studies which examining factors associated with prospective repetition among those presenting with self-harm to emergency departments. Journal articles, abstracts, letters and theses in any language published up to June 2012 were considered. Studies were quality-assessed and synthesised in narrative form.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 129 studies, including 329,001 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Some factors were studied extensively and were found to have a consistent association with repetition. These included previous self-harm, personality disorder, hopelessness, history of psychiatric treatment, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, and living alone. However, the sensitivity values of these measures varied greatly across studies. Psychological risk factors and protective factors have been relatively under-researched but show emerging associations with repetition. Composite risk scales tended to have high sensitivity but poor specificity.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Many risk factors for repetition of self-harm match risk factors for initiation of self-harm, but the most consistent evidence for increased risk of repetition comes from long-standing psychosocial vulnerabilities, rather than characteristics of an index episode. The current review will enhance prediction of self-harm and assist in the efficient allocation of intervention resources. |
url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465400/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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