Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders
The regulation of cellular lipid storage and membrane lipid composition plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulation may contribute to disorders such as obesity, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mammalian lipin proteins (lipin 1, lipin 2, and lipin 3...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2019-04-01
|
Series: | Journal of Lipid Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520325840 |
id |
doaj-ed7eb4f8d10f46ffb3fcc99c2915469c |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-ed7eb4f8d10f46ffb3fcc99c2915469c2021-04-29T04:35:42ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752019-04-01604728733Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disordersKaren Reue0Huan Wang1To whom correspondence should be addressed; To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095The regulation of cellular lipid storage and membrane lipid composition plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulation may contribute to disorders such as obesity, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mammalian lipin proteins (lipin 1, lipin 2, and lipin 3) are phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes that modulate levels of cellular triacylglycerols and phospholipids, and also regulate lipid intermediates in cellular signaling pathways. Lipin proteins also have the ability to coactivate/corepress transcription. In humans and mice, lipin gene mutations cause severe metabolic phenotypes including rhabdomyolysis (lipin 1), autoinflammatory disease (lipin 2), and impaired intestinal lipoprotein assembly (lipin 2/lipin 3). Characterization of these diseases has revealed roles for lipin PAP activity in fundamental cellular processes such as autophagy, inflammasome activation, and lipoprotein assembly. Lipin protein activity is regulated at pre- and posttranscriptional levels, which suggests a need for their ordered response to specific physiological stimuli. Challenges for the future include better elucidation of the unique biochemical and physiological properties of individual lipin family members and determination of lipin protein structure-function relationships. Further research may propel exploration of lipin proteins as viable therapeutic targets in metabolic or inflammatory disorders. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520325840obesitylipodystrophyrhabdomyolysistriacylglycerolphospholipidautophagy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Karen Reue Huan Wang |
spellingShingle |
Karen Reue Huan Wang Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders Journal of Lipid Research obesity lipodystrophy rhabdomyolysis triacylglycerol phospholipid autophagy |
author_facet |
Karen Reue Huan Wang |
author_sort |
Karen Reue |
title |
Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
title_short |
Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
title_full |
Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
title_fullStr |
Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
title_sort |
mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Lipid Research |
issn |
0022-2275 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
The regulation of cellular lipid storage and membrane lipid composition plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulation may contribute to disorders such as obesity, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mammalian lipin proteins (lipin 1, lipin 2, and lipin 3) are phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes that modulate levels of cellular triacylglycerols and phospholipids, and also regulate lipid intermediates in cellular signaling pathways. Lipin proteins also have the ability to coactivate/corepress transcription. In humans and mice, lipin gene mutations cause severe metabolic phenotypes including rhabdomyolysis (lipin 1), autoinflammatory disease (lipin 2), and impaired intestinal lipoprotein assembly (lipin 2/lipin 3). Characterization of these diseases has revealed roles for lipin PAP activity in fundamental cellular processes such as autophagy, inflammasome activation, and lipoprotein assembly. Lipin protein activity is regulated at pre- and posttranscriptional levels, which suggests a need for their ordered response to specific physiological stimuli. Challenges for the future include better elucidation of the unique biochemical and physiological properties of individual lipin family members and determination of lipin protein structure-function relationships. Further research may propel exploration of lipin proteins as viable therapeutic targets in metabolic or inflammatory disorders. |
topic |
obesity lipodystrophy rhabdomyolysis triacylglycerol phospholipid autophagy |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520325840 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT karenreue mammalianlipinphosphatidicacidphosphatasesinlipidsynthesisandbeyondmetabolicandinflammatorydisorders AT huanwang mammalianlipinphosphatidicacidphosphatasesinlipidsynthesisandbeyondmetabolicandinflammatorydisorders |
_version_ |
1721502546488459264 |