Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Wild Rats, United States

• Main Authors: Justin B. Lack, Kylie Volk, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012-08-01
• Series: Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Subjects: hepatitis E virus; viruses; rats; zoonosis; genotype 3; viral RNA
• Online Access: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/8/12-0070_article

The role of rodents in the epidemiology of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been a subject of considerable debate. Seroprevalence studies suggest widespread HEV infection in commensal Rattus spp. rats, but experimental transmission has been largely unsuccessful and recovery of zoonotic genotype 3 HEV RNA from wild Rattus spp. rats has never been confirmed. We surveyed R. rattus and R. norvegicus rats from across the United States and several international populations by using a hemi-nested reverse transcription PCR approach. We isolated HEV RNA in liver tissues from 35 of 446 rats examined. All but 1 of these isolates was relegated to the zoonotic HEV genotype 3, and the remaining sequence represented the recently discovered rat genotype from the United States and Germany. HEV-positive rats were detected in urban and remote localities. Genetic analyses suggest all HEV genotype 3 isolates obtained from wild Rattus spp. rats were closely related.