Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS
According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to e...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2017-01-01
|
Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1089028 |
id |
doaj-ee10d69033c74d37aff7f41216b94d73 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-ee10d69033c74d37aff7f41216b94d732020-11-24T22:40:00ZengHindawi LimitedMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612017-01-01201710.1155/2017/10890281089028Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOSJia-Li Liang0Jia-Zhen Wu1Yu-Hong Liu2Zhen-Biao Zhang3Qi-Duan Wu4Han-Bin Chen5Yan-Feng Huang6Yao-Xing Dou7Jiang-Tao Zhou8Zi-Ren Su9Janis Ya-Xian Zhan10Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaAccording to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1089028 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jia-Li Liang Jia-Zhen Wu Yu-Hong Liu Zhen-Biao Zhang Qi-Duan Wu Han-Bin Chen Yan-Feng Huang Yao-Xing Dou Jiang-Tao Zhou Zi-Ren Su Janis Ya-Xian Zhan |
spellingShingle |
Jia-Li Liang Jia-Zhen Wu Yu-Hong Liu Zhen-Biao Zhang Qi-Duan Wu Han-Bin Chen Yan-Feng Huang Yao-Xing Dou Jiang-Tao Zhou Zi-Ren Su Janis Ya-Xian Zhan Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS Mediators of Inflammation |
author_facet |
Jia-Li Liang Jia-Zhen Wu Yu-Hong Liu Zhen-Biao Zhang Qi-Duan Wu Han-Bin Chen Yan-Feng Huang Yao-Xing Dou Jiang-Tao Zhou Zi-Ren Su Janis Ya-Xian Zhan |
author_sort |
Jia-Li Liang |
title |
Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS |
title_short |
Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS |
title_full |
Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS |
title_fullStr |
Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS |
title_sort |
patchoulene epoxide isolated from patchouli oil suppresses acute inflammation through inhibition of nf-κb and downregulation of cox-2/inos |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Mediators of Inflammation |
issn |
0962-9351 1466-1861 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1089028 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jialiliang patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT jiazhenwu patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT yuhongliu patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT zhenbiaozhang patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT qiduanwu patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT hanbinchen patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT yanfenghuang patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT yaoxingdou patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT jiangtaozhou patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT zirensu patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos AT janisyaxianzhan patchouleneepoxideisolatedfrompatchoulioilsuppressesacuteinflammationthroughinhibitionofnfkbanddownregulationofcox2inos |
_version_ |
1725706453036040192 |