T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours
In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident th...
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doaj-ee391665383d4ec0bc996bf134414f902020-11-25T02:46:51ZengShared Science Publishers OGCell Stress2523-02042018-07-012820021210.15698/cst2018.07.148T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumoursIgnazio Caruana0Luca Simula1Franco Locatelli2Silvia Campello3Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy.Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy.Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy.Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident that tumour malignancies can evolve several mechanisms to escape such immune responses, thus continuing their growth in the body. These mechanisms are in part due to tumour cell metabolic or genetic alterations, which can render the target invisible to the immune system or can favour the generation of an extracellular milieu preventing immune cell infiltration or cytotoxicity. Such mechanisms may also involve the accumulation inside the tumour microenvironment of different immune-suppressive cell types, which further down-regulate the activity of cytotoxic immune cells either directly by interacting with them or indirectly by releasing suppressive molecules. In this review, we will first focus on describing several mechanisms by which tumour cells may dampen or abrogate the immune response inside the tumour microenvironment and, second, on current strategies that are adopted to cope with and possibly overcome such alterations, thus ameliorating the efficacy of the current-in-use anti-cancer immuno-therapies.http://www.cell-stress.com/researcharticles/t-lymphocytes-against-solid-malignancies-winning-ways-to-defeat-tumours/cancer immuno-therapyimmune cell infiltrationtumour microenvironmentextracellular matriximmune-suppression |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ignazio Caruana Luca Simula Franco Locatelli Silvia Campello |
spellingShingle |
Ignazio Caruana Luca Simula Franco Locatelli Silvia Campello T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours Cell Stress cancer immuno-therapy immune cell infiltration tumour microenvironment extracellular matrix immune-suppression |
author_facet |
Ignazio Caruana Luca Simula Franco Locatelli Silvia Campello |
author_sort |
Ignazio Caruana |
title |
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_short |
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_full |
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_fullStr |
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_full_unstemmed |
T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
title_sort |
t lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours |
publisher |
Shared Science Publishers OG |
series |
Cell Stress |
issn |
2523-0204 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident that tumour malignancies can evolve several mechanisms to escape such immune responses, thus continuing their growth in the body. These mechanisms are in part due to tumour cell metabolic or genetic alterations, which can render the target invisible to the immune system or can favour the generation of an extracellular milieu preventing immune cell infiltration or cytotoxicity. Such mechanisms may also involve the accumulation inside the tumour microenvironment of different immune-suppressive cell types, which further down-regulate the activity of cytotoxic immune cells either directly by interacting with them or indirectly by releasing suppressive molecules. In this review, we will first focus on describing several mechanisms by which tumour cells may dampen or abrogate the immune response inside the tumour microenvironment and, second, on current strategies that are adopted to cope with and possibly overcome such alterations, thus ameliorating the efficacy of the current-in-use anti-cancer immuno-therapies. |
topic |
cancer immuno-therapy immune cell infiltration tumour microenvironment extracellular matrix immune-suppression |
url |
http://www.cell-stress.com/researcharticles/t-lymphocytes-against-solid-malignancies-winning-ways-to-defeat-tumours/ |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT ignaziocaruana tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT lucasimula tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT francolocatelli tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours AT silviacampello tlymphocytesagainstsolidmalignancieswinningwaystodefeattumours |
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1724756399119925248 |