Postural Control in Children with Cerebellar Ataxia

• Main Authors: Veronica Farinelli, Chiara Palmisano, Silvia Maria Marchese, Camilla Mirella Maria Strano, Stefano D’Arrigo, Chiara Pantaleoni, Anna Ardissone, Nardo Nardocci, Roberto Esposti, Paolo Cavallari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-02-01
• Series: Applied Sciences
• Subjects: children; gait initiation; postural control; generalized cerebellar atrophy; cerebellar vermis hypoplasia; progressive ataxia; compensatory strategies
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1606

Controlling posture, i.e., governing the ensemble of involuntary muscular activities that manage body equilibrium, represents a demanding function in which the cerebellum plays a key role. Postural activities are particularly important during gait initiation when passing from quiet standing to locomotion. Indeed, several studies used such motor task for evaluating pathological conditions, including cerebellar disorders. The linkage between cerebellum maturation and the development of postural control has received less attention. Therefore, we evaluated postural control during quiet standing and gait initiation in children affected by a slow progressive generalized cerebellar atrophy (SlowP) or non-progressive vermian hypoplasia (Joubert syndrome, NonP), compared to that of healthy children (H). Despite the similar clinical evaluation of motor impairments in NonP and SlowP, only SlowP showed a less stable quiet standing and a shorter and slower first step than H. Moreover, a descriptive analysis of lower limb and back muscle activities suggested a more severe timing disruption in SlowP. Such differences might stem from the extent of cerebellar damage. However, literature reports that during childhood, neural plasticity of intact brain areas could compensate for cerebellar agenesis. We thus proposed that the difference might stem from disease progression, which contrasts the consolidation of compensatory strategies.