Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Aluminum is a neurotoxic metal with known health effects in animals and humans. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and enzymes play a major role in detoxification of several heavy metals. Besides a direct relationship with oxidative stress; aluminum decreases GST enzyme activities. Using data fro...
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doaj-eeb7b0e69d42480f84e4c1bfd8a9308a2020-11-24T23:02:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012016-11-011311109510.3390/ijerph13111095ijerph13111095Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum DisorderMohammad H. Rahbar0Maureen Samms-Vaughan1Meagan R. Pitcher2Jan Bressler3Manouchehr Hessabi4Katherine A. Loveland5MacKinsey A. Christian6Megan L. Grove7Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington8Compton Beecher9Wayne McLaughlin10Eric Boerwinkle11Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, JamaicaCenter for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADivision of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USACenter for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USACenter for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USAHuman Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, JamaicaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, JamaicaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, JamaicaDivision of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USAAluminum is a neurotoxic metal with known health effects in animals and humans. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and enzymes play a major role in detoxification of several heavy metals. Besides a direct relationship with oxidative stress; aluminum decreases GST enzyme activities. Using data from 116 Jamaican children; age 2–8 years; with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 116 sex- and age-matched typically developing (TD) children; we investigated the association of polymorphisms in three GST genes (GSTP1; GSTM1; and GSTT1) with mean blood aluminum concentrations in children with and without ASD. Using log-transformed blood aluminum concentration as the dependent variable in a linear regression model; we assessed the additive and interactive effects of ASD status and polymorphisms in the three aforementioned GST genes in relation to blood aluminum concentrations. Although none of the additive effects were statistically significant (all p > 0.16); we observed a marginally significant interaction between GSTP1 Ile105Val (rs1695) and ASD status (p = 0.07); even after controlling for parental education level and consumption of avocado; root vegetables; and tuna (canned fish). Our findings indicate a significantly lower (p < 0.03) adjusted geometric mean blood aluminum concentration for TD children who had the Val/Val genotype (14.57 µg/L); compared with those with Ile/Ile or Ile/Val genotypes who had an adjusted geometric mean of 23.75 µg/L. However; this difference was not statistically significant among the ASD cases (p = 0.76). Our findings indicate that ASD status may be a potential effect modifier when assessing the association between GSTP1 rs1695 and blood aluminum concentrations among Jamaican children. These findings require replication in other populations.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/11/1095aluminumAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)glutathione S-transferase (GST) genesdetoxificationinteractions |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mohammad H. Rahbar Maureen Samms-Vaughan Meagan R. Pitcher Jan Bressler Manouchehr Hessabi Katherine A. Loveland MacKinsey A. Christian Megan L. Grove Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington Compton Beecher Wayne McLaughlin Eric Boerwinkle |
spellingShingle |
Mohammad H. Rahbar Maureen Samms-Vaughan Meagan R. Pitcher Jan Bressler Manouchehr Hessabi Katherine A. Loveland MacKinsey A. Christian Megan L. Grove Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington Compton Beecher Wayne McLaughlin Eric Boerwinkle Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health aluminum Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes detoxification interactions |
author_facet |
Mohammad H. Rahbar Maureen Samms-Vaughan Meagan R. Pitcher Jan Bressler Manouchehr Hessabi Katherine A. Loveland MacKinsey A. Christian Megan L. Grove Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington Compton Beecher Wayne McLaughlin Eric Boerwinkle |
author_sort |
Mohammad H. Rahbar |
title |
Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_short |
Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full |
Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_fullStr |
Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Aluminum Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_sort |
role of metabolic genes in blood aluminum concentrations of jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
Aluminum is a neurotoxic metal with known health effects in animals and humans. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and enzymes play a major role in detoxification of several heavy metals. Besides a direct relationship with oxidative stress; aluminum decreases GST enzyme activities. Using data from 116 Jamaican children; age 2–8 years; with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 116 sex- and age-matched typically developing (TD) children; we investigated the association of polymorphisms in three GST genes (GSTP1; GSTM1; and GSTT1) with mean blood aluminum concentrations in children with and without ASD. Using log-transformed blood aluminum concentration as the dependent variable in a linear regression model; we assessed the additive and interactive effects of ASD status and polymorphisms in the three aforementioned GST genes in relation to blood aluminum concentrations. Although none of the additive effects were statistically significant (all p > 0.16); we observed a marginally significant interaction between GSTP1 Ile105Val (rs1695) and ASD status (p = 0.07); even after controlling for parental education level and consumption of avocado; root vegetables; and tuna (canned fish). Our findings indicate a significantly lower (p < 0.03) adjusted geometric mean blood aluminum concentration for TD children who had the Val/Val genotype (14.57 µg/L); compared with those with Ile/Ile or Ile/Val genotypes who had an adjusted geometric mean of 23.75 µg/L. However; this difference was not statistically significant among the ASD cases (p = 0.76). Our findings indicate that ASD status may be a potential effect modifier when assessing the association between GSTP1 rs1695 and blood aluminum concentrations among Jamaican children. These findings require replication in other populations. |
topic |
aluminum Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes detoxification interactions |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/11/1095 |
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