Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County
Ambient air monitoring and phone survey data were collected in three environmental justice (EJ) and three non-EJ communities in Sacramento County during winter 2016−2017 to understand the differences in air toxics and in wood smoke pollution among communities. Concentrations of six hazardo...
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doaj-ef350cbeabf14e62a3a946499f0e932d2020-11-25T02:03:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012020-02-01173108010.3390/ijerph17031080ijerph17031080Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento CountySteven G. Brown0Janice Lam Snyder1Michael C. McCarthy2Nathan R. Pavlovic3Stephen D’Andrea4Joseph Hanson5Amy P. Sullivan6Hilary R. Hafner7Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 95494, USASacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), Sacramento, CA 95814, USASonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 95494, USASonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 95494, USASacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), Sacramento, CA 95814, USAMeta Research, Inc., Sacramento, CA 95811, USAAtmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USASonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 95494, USAAmbient air monitoring and phone survey data were collected in three environmental justice (EJ) and three non-EJ communities in Sacramento County during winter 2016−2017 to understand the differences in air toxics and in wood smoke pollution among communities. Concentrations of six hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel (BC<sub>ff</sub>) were significantly higher at EJ communities versus non-EJ communities. BC from wood burning (BC<sub>wb</sub>) was significantly higher at non-EJ communities. Correlation analysis indicated that the six HAPs were predominantly from fossil fuel combustion sources, not from wood burning. The HAPs were moderately variable across sites (coefficient of divergence (COD) range of 0.07 for carbon tetrachloride to 0.28 for m- and p-xylenes), while BC<sub>ff</sub> and BC<sub>wb</sub> were highly variable (COD values of 0.46 and 0.50). The BC<sub>wb</sub> was well correlated with levoglucosan (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.68 to 0.95), indicating that BC<sub>wb</sub> was a robust indicator for wood burning. At the two permanent monitoring sites, wood burning comprised 29−39% of the fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) on nights when PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were forecasted to be high. Phone survey data were consistent with study measurements; the only significant difference in the survey results among communities were that non-EJ residents burn with indoor devices more often than EJ residents.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/1080community air monitoringblack carbonwood smokeair toxics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Steven G. Brown Janice Lam Snyder Michael C. McCarthy Nathan R. Pavlovic Stephen D’Andrea Joseph Hanson Amy P. Sullivan Hilary R. Hafner |
spellingShingle |
Steven G. Brown Janice Lam Snyder Michael C. McCarthy Nathan R. Pavlovic Stephen D’Andrea Joseph Hanson Amy P. Sullivan Hilary R. Hafner Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health community air monitoring black carbon wood smoke air toxics |
author_facet |
Steven G. Brown Janice Lam Snyder Michael C. McCarthy Nathan R. Pavlovic Stephen D’Andrea Joseph Hanson Amy P. Sullivan Hilary R. Hafner |
author_sort |
Steven G. Brown |
title |
Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County |
title_short |
Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County |
title_full |
Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Pollution among Communities in Sacramento County |
title_sort |
assessment of ambient air toxics and wood smoke pollution among communities in sacramento county |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Ambient air monitoring and phone survey data were collected in three environmental justice (EJ) and three non-EJ communities in Sacramento County during winter 2016−2017 to understand the differences in air toxics and in wood smoke pollution among communities. Concentrations of six hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel (BC<sub>ff</sub>) were significantly higher at EJ communities versus non-EJ communities. BC from wood burning (BC<sub>wb</sub>) was significantly higher at non-EJ communities. Correlation analysis indicated that the six HAPs were predominantly from fossil fuel combustion sources, not from wood burning. The HAPs were moderately variable across sites (coefficient of divergence (COD) range of 0.07 for carbon tetrachloride to 0.28 for m- and p-xylenes), while BC<sub>ff</sub> and BC<sub>wb</sub> were highly variable (COD values of 0.46 and 0.50). The BC<sub>wb</sub> was well correlated with levoglucosan (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.68 to 0.95), indicating that BC<sub>wb</sub> was a robust indicator for wood burning. At the two permanent monitoring sites, wood burning comprised 29−39% of the fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) on nights when PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were forecasted to be high. Phone survey data were consistent with study measurements; the only significant difference in the survey results among communities were that non-EJ residents burn with indoor devices more often than EJ residents. |
topic |
community air monitoring black carbon wood smoke air toxics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/1080 |
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