Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020
This work studies the use of disinformation to construct an image of otherness through the internet. We applied a content analysis methodology to the 161 racist, xenophobic or Islamophobic fake news pieces that were discredited in 2020 by the four Spanish information verification media entities accr...
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
2021-06-01
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Series: | Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura |
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Online Access: | https://analisi.cat/article/view/3398 |
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doaj-ef3f624c040245a6ac2d5604ab20dfe32021-09-15T10:23:51ZcatUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaAnàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura0211-21752340-52362021-06-016410.5565/rev/analisi.3398Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020José Gamir-Ríos0Raquel Tarullo1Miguel Ibáñez-Cuquerella2Universitat de ValènciaInstituto de Política y Gobierno. CITNoBA (CONICET. UNNOBA. UNSAdA) (CITNoBA). CONICETUniversitat de ValènciaThis work studies the use of disinformation to construct an image of otherness through the internet. We applied a content analysis methodology to the 161 racist, xenophobic or Islamophobic fake news pieces that were discredited in 2020 by the four Spanish information verification media entities accredited by the International Fact-Checking Network: Maldita.es, Newtral, Efe Verifica and Verificat. The results show that the most commonly used formats were image and video, that disinformation was most often based on taking information out of context and deception, and that the source could not be identified. The most shared characteristics associated otherness with receiving aid, violence and illegal immigration. The most commonly used images were photographs, which mostly showed people in a general manner (not individually). Despite this, disinformation was not generated by manipulating images, but by inserting text over images. The use of supposed screenshots to create fictitious references or take truthful screenshots out of context was also notable.https://analisi.cat/article/view/3398disinformationsocial networksothernessracismxenophobiaIslamophobia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
Catalan |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
José Gamir-Ríos Raquel Tarullo Miguel Ibáñez-Cuquerella |
spellingShingle |
José Gamir-Ríos Raquel Tarullo Miguel Ibáñez-Cuquerella Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura disinformation social networks otherness racism xenophobia Islamophobia |
author_facet |
José Gamir-Ríos Raquel Tarullo Miguel Ibáñez-Cuquerella |
author_sort |
José Gamir-Ríos |
title |
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
title_short |
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
title_full |
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
title_fullStr |
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
title_sort |
multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. the spread of racist, xenophobic and islamophobic fake news in 2020 |
publisher |
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya |
series |
Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura |
issn |
0211-2175 2340-5236 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
This work studies the use of disinformation to construct an image of otherness through the internet. We applied a content analysis methodology to the 161 racist, xenophobic or Islamophobic fake news pieces that were discredited in 2020 by the four Spanish information verification media entities accredited by the International Fact-Checking Network: Maldita.es, Newtral, Efe Verifica and Verificat. The results show that the most commonly used formats were image and video, that disinformation was most often based on taking information out of context and deception, and that the source could not be identified. The most shared characteristics associated otherness with receiving aid, violence and illegal immigration. The most commonly used images were photographs, which mostly showed people in a general manner (not individually). Despite this, disinformation was not generated by manipulating images, but by inserting text over images. The use of supposed screenshots to create fictitious references or take truthful screenshots out of context was also notable. |
topic |
disinformation social networks otherness racism xenophobia Islamophobia |
url |
https://analisi.cat/article/view/3398 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT josegamirrios multimodaldisinformationaboutothernessontheinternetthespreadofracistxenophobicandislamophobicfakenewsin2020 AT raqueltarullo multimodaldisinformationaboutothernessontheinternetthespreadofracistxenophobicandislamophobicfakenewsin2020 AT miguelibanezcuquerella multimodaldisinformationaboutothernessontheinternetthespreadofracistxenophobicandislamophobicfakenewsin2020 |
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