Association of dietary patterns with glycated haemoglobin among Type 2 diabetics in Karachi, Pakistan

• Main Authors: Rubina Hakeem, Mahwish Shiraz, Musarrat Riaz, Asher Fawwad, Abdul Basit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2018-01-01
• Series: Journal of Diabetology
• Subjects: Carbohydrate; dietary pattern; glycated haemoglobin; protein; type 2 diabetes
• Online Access: http://www.journalofdiabetology.org/article.asp?issn=2078-7685;year=2018;volume=9;issue=2;spage=59;epage=64;aulast=Hakeem

Background: Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors for rapidly rising incidence of type 2 diabetes. Aim: This study aims to study the association of dietary patterns with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetics in Karachi. Setting: Individuals attending outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Karachi, Pakistan. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methodology: A total of 3193 subject's data were available. Demographic, clinical parameters, food and nutrient intake were explored; patients were categorised into groups according to the adequacy of food intake. The nutrition care process at BIDE consists of getting details of 24-h diet recall. Academy of nutrition and dietetic food exchange system was used to estimate the food requirement, energy and macronutrient intakes. Statistical Analysis: Linear regression analysis was performed for establishing relationship of HbA1c. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. SPSS version 17.0 was used for the analysis. Results: Majority of the patients (89.5%) were above the age of 35 years, using oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) or insulin and being overweight or obese (88%). Mean HbA1c was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in cluster 1 (high cereal, vegetable and meat) as compared to cluster 2 (moderate cereal, high vegetable and moderate meat) and cluster 3 (low cereal, moderate vegetable and moderate meat). High percentage of dietary energy was found to be significant predictors of higher levels of HbA1c (P < 0.01). Females with type 2 diabetes using OHA or using OHA with Insulin following the prescribed diet pattern were associated with better glycaemic control. Conclusion: Significant association between dietary patterns and level of HbA1c was seen among type 2 diabetics. Dietary energy was found to be significant predictors of higher levels of HbA1c. Females with type 2 diabetes using OHA or using OHA with insulin following the prescribed diet pattern were associated with better glycaemic control.