In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>
<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> causes a deadly disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Even though PAM is still considered a rare disease, the number of reported cases worldwide has been increasing each year. Among the factors to be considered for this, awareness about this d...
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doaj-f10c8324dd6b43ce8f7be3a9a5c3617d2020-11-24T21:34:30ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172019-08-018312210.3390/pathogens8030122pathogens8030122In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>Aitor Rizo-Liendo0Ines Sifaoui1María Reyes-Batlle2Olfa Chiboub3Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito4Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella5Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández6Edyta B. Hendiger7Atteneri López-Arencibia8Pedro Rocha-Cabrera9José E. Piñero10Jacob Lorenzo-Morales11Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> causes a deadly disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Even though PAM is still considered a rare disease, the number of reported cases worldwide has been increasing each year. Among the factors to be considered for this, awareness about this disease, and also global warming, as these amoebae thrive in warm water bodies, seem to be the key factors. Until present, no fully effective drugs have been developed to treat PAM, and the current options are amphotericin B and miltefosine, which present side effects such as liver and kidney toxicity. Statins are able to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is a key enzyme for the synthesis of ergosterol of the cell membrane of these amoebae. Therefore, the in vitro activity of a group of statins was tested in this study against two types of strains of <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>. The obtained results showed that fluvastatin was the most effective statin tested in this study and was able to eliminate these amoebae at concentrations of 0.179 ± 0.078 to 1.682 ± 0.775 µM depending on the tested strain of <i>N. fowleri.</i> Therefore, fluvastatin could be a potential novel therapeutic agent against this emerging pathogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/3/122<i>Naegleria</i>therapeuticsstatinsfluvastatinencephalitis |
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language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Aitor Rizo-Liendo Ines Sifaoui María Reyes-Batlle Olfa Chiboub Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández Edyta B. Hendiger Atteneri López-Arencibia Pedro Rocha-Cabrera José E. Piñero Jacob Lorenzo-Morales |
spellingShingle |
Aitor Rizo-Liendo Ines Sifaoui María Reyes-Batlle Olfa Chiboub Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández Edyta B. Hendiger Atteneri López-Arencibia Pedro Rocha-Cabrera José E. Piñero Jacob Lorenzo-Morales In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> Pathogens <i>Naegleria</i> therapeutics statins fluvastatin encephalitis |
author_facet |
Aitor Rizo-Liendo Ines Sifaoui María Reyes-Batlle Olfa Chiboub Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández Edyta B. Hendiger Atteneri López-Arencibia Pedro Rocha-Cabrera José E. Piñero Jacob Lorenzo-Morales |
author_sort |
Aitor Rizo-Liendo |
title |
In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> |
title_short |
In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> |
title_full |
In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> |
title_fullStr |
In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vitro Activity of Statins against <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> |
title_sort |
in vitro activity of statins against <i>naegleria fowleri</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> causes a deadly disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Even though PAM is still considered a rare disease, the number of reported cases worldwide has been increasing each year. Among the factors to be considered for this, awareness about this disease, and also global warming, as these amoebae thrive in warm water bodies, seem to be the key factors. Until present, no fully effective drugs have been developed to treat PAM, and the current options are amphotericin B and miltefosine, which present side effects such as liver and kidney toxicity. Statins are able to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is a key enzyme for the synthesis of ergosterol of the cell membrane of these amoebae. Therefore, the in vitro activity of a group of statins was tested in this study against two types of strains of <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>. The obtained results showed that fluvastatin was the most effective statin tested in this study and was able to eliminate these amoebae at concentrations of 0.179 ± 0.078 to 1.682 ± 0.775 µM depending on the tested strain of <i>N. fowleri.</i> Therefore, fluvastatin could be a potential novel therapeutic agent against this emerging pathogen. |
topic |
<i>Naegleria</i> therapeutics statins fluvastatin encephalitis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/3/122 |
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