Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women
Background: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. Objective: Th...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Swedish Nutrition Foundation
2015-03-01
|
Series: | Food & Nutrition Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/26336/38905 |
id |
doaj-f1322e28efdf467ba834c656c6c64dd1 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-f1322e28efdf467ba834c656c6c64dd12020-11-24T22:23:57ZengSwedish Nutrition FoundationFood & Nutrition Research1654-661X2015-03-0159011010.3402/fnr.v59.2633626336Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish womenNina Roswall0Ulf Eriksson1Sven Sandin2Marie Löf3Anja Olsen4Guri Skeie5Hans-Olov Adami6Elisabete Weiderpass7 Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsö, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenBackground: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. Objective: The study objective is to describe and investigate dietary composition, micronutrient density, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations across groups defined by their level of adherence to a healthy Nordic food index (HNFI). The paper examines both dietary components included in the HNFI as well as dietary components, which are not part of the HNFI, to get a broad picture of the diet. Design: The study is cross-sectional and conducted in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort. We included 45,277 women, aged 29–49 years at baseline (1991–1992). The HNFI was defined by six items: wholegrain bread, oatmeal, apples/pears, cabbages, root vegetables and fish/shellfish, using data from a food frequency questionnaire. Proportions, means and standard deviations were calculated in the entire cohort and by adherence groups. Results: Women scoring high on the HNFI had a higher energy intake, compared to low adherers. They had a higher intake of fiber and a higher micronutrient density (components of the HNFI), but also a higher intake of items not included in the HNFI: red/processed meats, sweets, and potatoes. They were on average more physically active and less likely to smoke. Conclusions: Adherence to the HNFI was associated with a generally healthier lifestyle and a high intake of health-beneficial components. However, it was also associated with a higher energy intake and a higher intake of foods without proven health benefits. Therefore, future studies on the HNFI and health outcomes should take into account potential confounding of dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the HNFI.http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/26336/38905healthy Nordic dietdietary patternNordic Nutrition Recommendationscross-sectional studylifestyleadherence |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nina Roswall Ulf Eriksson Sven Sandin Marie Löf Anja Olsen Guri Skeie Hans-Olov Adami Elisabete Weiderpass |
spellingShingle |
Nina Roswall Ulf Eriksson Sven Sandin Marie Löf Anja Olsen Guri Skeie Hans-Olov Adami Elisabete Weiderpass Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women Food & Nutrition Research healthy Nordic diet dietary pattern Nordic Nutrition Recommendations cross-sectional study lifestyle adherence |
author_facet |
Nina Roswall Ulf Eriksson Sven Sandin Marie Löf Anja Olsen Guri Skeie Hans-Olov Adami Elisabete Weiderpass |
author_sort |
Nina Roswall |
title |
Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_short |
Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_full |
Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_fullStr |
Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_sort |
adherence to the healthy nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among swedish women |
publisher |
Swedish Nutrition Foundation |
series |
Food & Nutrition Research |
issn |
1654-661X |
publishDate |
2015-03-01 |
description |
Background: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. Objective: The study objective is to describe and investigate dietary composition, micronutrient density, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations across groups defined by their level of adherence to a healthy Nordic food index (HNFI). The paper examines both dietary components included in the HNFI as well as dietary components, which are not part of the HNFI, to get a broad picture of the diet. Design: The study is cross-sectional and conducted in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort. We included 45,277 women, aged 29–49 years at baseline (1991–1992). The HNFI was defined by six items: wholegrain bread, oatmeal, apples/pears, cabbages, root vegetables and fish/shellfish, using data from a food frequency questionnaire. Proportions, means and standard deviations were calculated in the entire cohort and by adherence groups. Results: Women scoring high on the HNFI had a higher energy intake, compared to low adherers. They had a higher intake of fiber and a higher micronutrient density (components of the HNFI), but also a higher intake of items not included in the HNFI: red/processed meats, sweets, and potatoes. They were on average more physically active and less likely to smoke. Conclusions: Adherence to the HNFI was associated with a generally healthier lifestyle and a high intake of health-beneficial components. However, it was also associated with a higher energy intake and a higher intake of foods without proven health benefits. Therefore, future studies on the HNFI and health outcomes should take into account potential confounding of dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the HNFI. |
topic |
healthy Nordic diet dietary pattern Nordic Nutrition Recommendations cross-sectional study lifestyle adherence |
url |
http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/26336/38905 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT ninaroswall adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT ulferiksson adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT svensandin adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT marielof adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT anjaolsen adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT guriskeie adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT hansolovadami adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen AT elisabeteweiderpass adherencetothehealthynordicfoodindexdietarycompositionandlifestyleamongswedishwomen |
_version_ |
1725763137349615616 |