Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO2 with TiO2 and SiO2 aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering

Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. M...

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Main Authors:	M. Tang, J. Keeble, P. J. Telford, F. D. Pope, P. Braesicke, P. T. Griffiths, N. L. Abraham, J. McGregor, I. M. Watson, R. A. Cox, J. A. Pyle, M. Kalberer
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copernicus Publications 2016-12-01
Series:	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:	https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf

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record_format	Article
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer
spellingShingle	M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet	M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer
author_sort	M. Tang
title	Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
title_short	Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
title_full	Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
title_fullStr	Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
title_sort	heterogeneous reaction of clono<sub>2</sub> with tio<sub>2</sub> and sio<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
publisher	Copernicus Publications
series	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn	1680-7316 1680-7324
publishDate	2016-12-01
description	Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. Minerals such as TiO<sub>2</sub> or SiO<sub>2</sub> are among the potentially suitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their greater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles. However, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace gases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown, precluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which is of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for the first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative humidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient, <i>γ</i>(ClONO<sub>2</sub>), on TiO<sub>2</sub> was ∼ 1.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> at 7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for SiO<sub>2</sub> from ∼ 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 7 % RH to ∼ 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 35 % RH, reaching a value of ∼ 6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 59 % RH. We have also examined the impacts of a hypothetical TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry using the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in which heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> particles is considered. A TiO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario with a solar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo was constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo, TiO<sub>2</sub> injection causes less ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub> activation and less ozone destruction in the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall, no significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is found between TiO<sub>2</sub> injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future work required to further assess the impacts of TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry is also discussed.
url	https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf
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spelling	doaj-f174d6ff45f848aea09f8d67e77584052020-11-24T21:59:50ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-12-0116153971541210.5194/acp-16-15397-2016Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineeringM. Tang0M. Tang1M. Tang2J. Keeble3P. J. Telford4P. J. Telford5F. D. Pope6P. Braesicke7P. T. Griffiths8P. T. Griffiths9N. L. Abraham10N. L. Abraham11J. McGregor12I. M. Watson13R. A. Cox14J. A. Pyle15J. A. Pyle16M. Kalberer17Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UKState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKIMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDeliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. Minerals such as TiO<sub>2</sub> or SiO<sub>2</sub> are among the potentially suitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their greater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles. However, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace gases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown, precluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which is of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for the first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative humidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient, <i>γ</i>(ClONO<sub>2</sub>), on TiO<sub>2</sub> was ∼ 1.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> at 7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for SiO<sub>2</sub> from ∼ 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 7 % RH to ∼ 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 35 % RH, reaching a value of ∼ 6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 59 % RH. We have also examined the impacts of a hypothetical TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry using the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in which heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> particles is considered. A TiO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario with a solar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo was constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo, TiO<sub>2</sub> injection causes less ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub> activation and less ozone destruction in the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall, no significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is found between TiO<sub>2</sub> injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future work required to further assess the impacts of TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry is also discussed.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf

Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering

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