Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering
Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. M...
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Copernicus Publications
2016-12-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer |
spellingShingle |
M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
M. Tang M. Tang M. Tang J. Keeble P. J. Telford P. J. Telford F. D. Pope P. Braesicke P. T. Griffiths P. T. Griffiths N. L. Abraham N. L. Abraham J. McGregor I. M. Watson R. A. Cox J. A. Pyle J. A. Pyle M. Kalberer |
author_sort |
M. Tang |
title |
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
title_short |
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
title_full |
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
title_fullStr |
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
title_sort |
heterogeneous reaction of clono<sub>2</sub> with tio<sub>2</sub> and sio<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a
potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the
stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing
the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global
warming. Minerals such as TiO<sub>2</sub> or SiO<sub>2</sub> are among the potentially
suitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their
greater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles.
However, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace
gases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown,
precluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which
is of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for
the first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> and
SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative
humidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient,
<i>γ</i>(ClONO<sub>2</sub>), on TiO<sub>2</sub> was ∼ 1.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> at
7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for
SiO<sub>2</sub> from ∼ 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 7 % RH to
∼ 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 35 % RH, reaching a value of
∼ 6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 59 % RH. We have also examined the
impacts of a hypothetical TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry
using the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in
which heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub>
particles is considered. A TiO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario with a
solar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo
was constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo,
TiO<sub>2</sub> injection causes less ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub> activation and less ozone destruction
in the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall,
no significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is
found between TiO<sub>2</sub> injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future
work required to further assess the impacts of TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on
stratospheric chemistry is also discussed. |
url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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spelling |
doaj-f174d6ff45f848aea09f8d67e77584052020-11-24T21:59:50ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-12-0116153971541210.5194/acp-16-15397-2016Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO<sub>2</sub> with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineeringM. Tang0M. Tang1M. Tang2J. Keeble3P. J. Telford4P. J. Telford5F. D. Pope6P. Braesicke7P. T. Griffiths8P. T. Griffiths9N. L. Abraham10N. L. Abraham11J. McGregor12I. M. Watson13R. A. Cox14J. A. Pyle15J. A. Pyle16M. Kalberer17Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UKState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKIMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKNational Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UKDeliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a potential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the stratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing the temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global warming. Minerals such as TiO<sub>2</sub> or SiO<sub>2</sub> are among the potentially suitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their greater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles. However, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace gases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown, precluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which is of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for the first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative humidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient, <i>γ</i>(ClONO<sub>2</sub>), on TiO<sub>2</sub> was ∼ 1.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> at 7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for SiO<sub>2</sub> from ∼ 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 7 % RH to ∼ 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 35 % RH, reaching a value of ∼ 6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at 59 % RH. We have also examined the impacts of a hypothetical TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry using the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in which heterogeneous hydrolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and ClONO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> particles is considered. A TiO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario with a solar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo was constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo, TiO<sub>2</sub> injection causes less ClO<sub><i>x</i></sub> activation and less ozone destruction in the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall, no significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is found between TiO<sub>2</sub> injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future work required to further assess the impacts of TiO<sub>2</sub> injection on stratospheric chemistry is also discussed.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/15397/2016/acp-16-15397-2016.pdf |